Physics Learning Notes
15 个领域97 个单元280 个课次1,314 个知识点
263 课笔记已开放，17 课正文待补充。
从第一课开始学习层级说明
HS 高中基础 UG1 大学入门 UG2 本科核心 EXT 拓展方向
箭头表示内容由前一层级逐步延伸至后一层级。层级用于选择阅读深度，不是硬性先修门槛。
PART 0物理基础、数学、实验与计算Foundations, Mathematics, Experiment, and Computation6 单元 · 17 课
Unit 0.1物理学、模型与科学推理Physics, Models, and Scientific Reasoning2 课
Lesson 0.1.1物理学描述什么What Physics DescribesHS
正文待补充
- P00-U01-L01-K01系统、环境、边界与状态Physical systems, surroundings, boundaries, and states
- P00-U01-L01-K02可观测量与操作性定义Observable quantities and operational definitions
- P00-U01-L01-K03定律、原理、模型与理论Laws, principles, models, and theories
- P00-U01-L01-K04理想化、近似与适用范围Idealization, approximation, and domain of validity
- P00-U01-L01-K05从粒子到宇宙的尺度Scales from particles to the universe
Lesson 0.1.2使用模型推理Reasoning with ModelsHS→UG1
正文待补充
- P00-U01-L02-K01因果机制与经验相关Causal mechanisms versus empirical correlations
- P00-U01-L02-K02比例、标度与数量级推理Proportional, scaling, and order-of-magnitude reasoning
- P00-U01-L02-K03极限情形与自洽检查Limiting cases and consistency checks
- P00-U01-L02-K04对称性、不变性与守恒Symmetry, invariance, and conservation as organizing ideas
- P00-U01-L02-K05多重表征Multiple representations: words, diagrams, graphs, tables, and equations
Unit 0.2测量、单位与不确定度Measurement, Units, and Uncertainty3 课
Lesson 0.2.1物理量与单位Quantities and UnitsHS
正文待补充
- P00-U02-L01-K01SI 基本量与导出量SI base and derived quantities
- P00-U02-L01-K02单位换算与词头Unit conversion and prefixes
- P00-U02-L01-K03量纲与量纲齐次性Dimensions and dimensional homogeneity
- P00-U02-L01-K04有效数字、精密度与准确度Significant figures, precision, and accuracy
Lesson 0.2.2测量不确定度Measurement UncertaintyHS→UG1
正文待补充
- P00-U02-L02-K01分辨率、校准与仪器响应Resolution, calibration, and instrument response
- P00-U02-L02-K02随机与系统不确定度Random and systematic uncertainty
- P00-U02-L02-K03绝对、相对与百分比不确定度Absolute, relative, and percentage uncertainty
- P00-U02-L02-K04不确定度传播Propagation of uncertainty
- P00-U02-L02-K05重复测量与均值不确定度Repeated measurements and uncertainty of the mean
Lesson 0.2.3数据分析与推断Data Analysis and InferenceHS→UG1
正文待补充
- P00-U02-L03-K01作图、线性化与斜率意义Graph construction, linearization, and slope meaning
- P00-U02-L03-K02插值、外推与残差Interpolation, extrapolation, and residuals
- P00-U02-L03-K03最小二乘拟合与参数不确定度Least-squares fitting and parameter uncertainty
- P00-U02-L03-K04显著性、置信度与模型比较Statistical significance, confidence, and model comparison
- P00-U02-L03-K05含单位与不确定度的结果表达Reporting results with units and uncertainty
Unit 0.3数学语言 IMathematical Language I3 课
Lesson 0.3.1代数、几何与三角Algebra, Geometry, and TrigonometryHS
正文待补充
- P00-U03-L01-K01方程变形与方程组Rearranging equations and solving systems
- P00-U03-L01-K02比例、幂、对数与指数Proportions, powers, logarithms, and exponentials
- P00-U03-L01-K03三角函数与恒等式Trigonometric functions and identities
- P00-U03-L01-K04小角度及其他受控近似Small-angle and other controlled approximations
Lesson 0.3.2矢量与坐标Vectors and CoordinatesHS→UG1
正文待补充
- P00-U03-L02-K01标量、矢量、大小与方向Scalars, vectors, magnitude, and direction
- P00-U03-L02-K02矢量合成与分解Vector addition and component decomposition
- P00-U03-L02-K03单位矢量与基底表示Unit vectors and basis representation
- P00-U03-L02-K04点积与投影Dot product and projection
- P00-U03-L02-K05叉积与有向面积Cross product and oriented area
- P00-U03-L02-K06常用坐标系Cartesian, polar, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates
Lesson 0.3.3描述物理变化的微积分Calculus for Physical ChangeUG1
正文待补充
- P00-U03-L03-K01极限、导数与局部变化率Limits, derivatives, and local rates of change
- P00-U03-L03-K02积分、累积量与有向面积Integrals as accumulation and signed area
- P00-U03-L03-K03微积分基本定理Fundamental theorem of calculus
- P00-U03-L03-K04偏导数与多变量变化Partial derivatives and multivariable change
- P00-U03-L03-K05泰勒展开与近似阶数Taylor expansion and approximation order
Unit 0.4数学语言 IIMathematical Language II3 课
Lesson 0.4.1矢量微积分与场Vector Calculus and FieldsUG2
正文待补充
- P00-U04-L01-K01标量场与矢量场Scalar and vector fields
- P00-U04-L01-K02梯度与方向导数Gradient and directional derivative
- P00-U04-L01-K03散度与通量密度Divergence and flux density
- P00-U04-L01-K04旋度与局部环流Curl and local circulation
- P00-U04-L01-K05线、面与体积分Line, surface, and volume integrals
- P00-U04-L01-K06三大积分定理Gradient, divergence, and Stokes integral theorems
Lesson 0.4.2微分方程Differential EquationsUG1→UG2
正文待补充
- P00-U04-L02-K01一、二阶常微分方程First- and second-order ordinary differential equations
- P00-U04-L02-K02初始条件与边界条件Initial and boundary conditions
- P00-U04-L02-K03线性方程、叠加与本征模Linear equations, superposition, and eigenmodes
- P00-U04-L02-K04物理中的偏微分方程Partial differential equations in physics
- P00-U04-L02-K05格林函数观点Green-function viewpoint
Lesson 0.4.3线性代数、复数与变换Linear Algebra, Complex Numbers, and TransformsUG2
正文待补充
- P00-U04-L03-K01向量空间、矩阵与线性算符Vector spaces, matrices, and linear operators
- P00-U04-L03-K02本征值、本征矢与对角化Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and diagonalization
- P00-U04-L03-K03振动与波的复数表示Complex representation of oscillations and waves
- P00-U04-L03-K04傅里叶级数与变换Fourier series and Fourier transforms
- P00-U04-L03-K05δ 函数与正交展开Delta functions and orthogonal expansions
Unit 0.5实验物理Experimental Physics3 课
Lesson 0.5.1实验设计Experimental DesignHS→UG2
正文待补充
- P00-U05-L01-K01可检验问题与操作性假设Testable questions and operational hypotheses
- P00-U05-L01-K02自变量、因变量与控制变量Independent, dependent, and controlled variables
- P00-U05-L01-K03对照、零检验与混杂因素Controls, null tests, and confounding factors
- P00-U05-L01-K04灵敏度、动态范围与信噪比Sensitivity, dynamic range, and signal-to-noise ratio
- P00-U05-L01-K05可复现性与实验记录Reproducibility and documentation
Lesson 0.5.2仪器与信号Instruments and SignalsUG1→UG2
正文待补充
- P00-U05-L02-K01传感器、换能器与负载效应Sensors, transducers, and loading effects
- P00-U05-L02-K02模拟与数字信号Analog and digital signals
- P00-U05-L02-K03采样、混叠、带宽与滤波Sampling, aliasing, bandwidth, and filtering
- P00-U05-L02-K04校准曲线与传递函数Calibration curves and transfer functions
- P00-U05-L02-K05反馈、降噪与锁相检测Feedback, noise reduction, and lock-in detection
Lesson 0.5.3科学交流与伦理Scientific Communication and EthicsHS→UG2
正文待补充
- P00-U05-L03-K01实验记录与数据来源追踪Lab notebooks and traceable data provenance
- P00-U05-L03-K02图表、图注与不确定度陈述Figures, captions, tables, and uncertainty statements
- P00-U05-L03-K03基于证据的论证与局限性Argument from evidence and limitations
- P00-U05-L03-K04可复现报告与版本管理Reproducible reporting and version control
- P00-U05-L03-K05科研诚信、安全与责任Research integrity, safety, and responsible conduct
Unit 0.6计算物理Computational Physics3 课
Lesson 0.6.1计算思维Computational ThinkingHS→UG1
正文待补充
- P00-U06-L01-K01变量、函数、数组与代码中的单位Variables, functions, arrays, and units in code
- P00-U06-L01-K02算法、伪代码与任务分解Algorithms, pseudocode, and decomposition
- P00-U06-L01-K03验证、确认与数值实验Verification, validation, and numerical experiments
- P00-U06-L01-K04可复现环境与数据流程Reproducible environments and data workflows
Lesson 0.6.2数值方法Numerical MethodsUG1→UG2
正文待补充
- P00-U06-L02-K01求根与优化Root finding and optimization
- P00-U06-L02-K02数值微分与积分Numerical differentiation and quadrature
- P00-U06-L02-K03常微分方程时间推进Time stepping for ordinary differential equations
- P00-U06-L02-K04线性方程组与本征值求解Linear-system and eigenvalue solvers
- P00-U06-L02-K05稳定性、收敛性与误差控制Stability, convergence, and error control
Lesson 0.6.3模拟与数据驱动物理Simulation and Data-Driven PhysicsUG2
正文待补充
- P00-U06-L03-K01蒙特卡洛采样与随机过程Monte Carlo sampling and random processes
- P00-U06-L03-K02粒子、场与主体模拟Particle, field, and agent-based simulation
- P00-U06-L03-K03参数估计与反问题Parameter estimation and inverse problems
- P00-U06-L03-K04多维物理数据可视化Visualization of multidimensional physical data
- P00-U06-L03-K05机器学习在物理中的审慎使用Responsible use of machine learning in physics
PART I力学Mechanics9 单元 · 36 课
Unit 1.1运动学Kinematics4 课
Lesson 1.1.1运动模型与参考系Motion Models and Reference FramesHS
- P01-U01-L01-K01质点、刚体与连续体模型Particle, rigid-body, and continuous-body models
- P01-U01-L01-K02参考系、时钟、原点与坐标轴Reference frames, clocks, origins, and coordinate axes
- P01-U01-L01-K03位置、路程与位移Position, path length, distance, and displacement
- P01-U01-L01-K04运动的多重表征Motion diagrams, graphs, tables, and equations
Lesson 1.1.2一维运动One-Dimensional MotionHS→UG1
- P01-U01-L02-K01平均与瞬时速率、速度Average and instantaneous speed and velocity
- P01-U01-L02-K02平均与瞬时加速度Average and instantaneous acceleration
- P01-U01-L02-K03三类运动图像Position-time, velocity-time, and acceleration-time graphs
- P01-U01-L02-K04匀变速公式及适用条件Constant-acceleration equations and their conditions
- P01-U01-L02-K05近地自由落体Free fall near a planet's surface
- P01-U01-L02-K06用微分与积分描述运动Kinematics from derivatives and integrals
Lesson 1.1.3二维与三维运动Motion in Two and Three DimensionsHS→UG1
- P01-U01-L03-K01位置、速度与加速度矢量Position, velocity, and acceleration vectors
- P01-U01-L03-K02分量运动的独立性Independent component motion
- P01-U01-L03-K03抛体运动及其理想化Projectile motion with and without idealizations
- P01-U01-L03-K04匀速与非匀速圆周运动学Uniform and nonuniform circular kinematics
- P01-U01-L03-K05加速度的切向与法向分量Tangential and normal components of acceleration
Lesson 1.1.4相对运动与曲线运动Relative and Curvilinear MotionUG1→UG2
- P01-U01-L04-K01位置与速度的伽利略变换Galilean transformation of position and velocity
- P01-U01-L04-K02一维与多维相对速度Relative velocity in one and multiple dimensions
- P01-U01-L04-K03极坐标中的速度与加速度Polar-coordinate velocity and acceleration
- P01-U01-L04-K04运动基底与旋转坐标Moving bases and rotating coordinates
Unit 1.2力与动力学Forces and Dynamics4 课
Lesson 1.2.1牛顿定律与相互作用Newton's Laws and InteractionsHS→UG1
- P01-U02-L01-K01惯性与惯性参考系Inertia and inertial reference frames
- P01-U02-L01-K02合力与动量变化Net force and momentum change
- P01-U02-L01-K03定质量与变质量形式的第二定律Newton's second law for constant and variable mass
- P01-U02-L01-K04相互作用对与第三定律Interaction pairs and Newton's third law
- P01-U02-L01-K05力的叠加Superposition of forces
Lesson 1.2.2常见力模型Force ModelsHS→UG1
- P01-U02-L02-K01重力与万有引力Weight and gravitational force
- P01-U02-L02-K02支持力与接触约束Normal force and contact constraints
- P01-U02-L02-K03绳、线与缆中的张力Tension in strings, ropes, and cables
- P01-U02-L02-K04静摩擦与动摩擦Static and kinetic friction
- P01-U02-L02-K05弹性力与胡克定律Elastic force and Hooke's law
- P01-U02-L02-K06阻力、终端速度与经验力模型Drag, terminal speed, and phenomenological force laws
Lesson 1.2.3受力分析与约束Force Analysis and ConstraintsHS→UG1
- P01-U02-L03-K01系统选择与受力图System selection and free-body diagrams
- P01-U02-L03-K02从几何关系到力的分量Translating geometry into force components
- P01-U02-L03-K03连接体、滑轮与约束方程Connected objects, pulleys, and constraint equations
- P01-U02-L03-K04斜面与耦合加速度Inclined planes and coupled acceleration
- P01-U02-L03-K05圆周动力学与视重Circular dynamics and apparent weight
Lesson 1.2.4非惯性参考系Non-Inertial FramesUG1→UG2
- P01-U02-L04-K01平动加速系与惯性力Translating accelerated frames and inertial forces
- P01-U02-L04-K02离心与科里奥利效应Centrifugal and Coriolis effects
- P01-U02-L04-K03旋转系动力学Dynamics in a rotating frame
- P01-U02-L04-K04傅科摆与地球物理应用Foucault pendulum and geophysical applications
Unit 1.3功、能量与功率Work, Energy, and Power4 课
Lesson 1.3.1功与动能Work and Kinetic EnergyHS→UG1
- P01-U03-L01-K01恒力与变力做功Work by constant and variable forces
- P01-U03-L01-K02功的点积与线积分定义Dot-product and line-integral definitions of work
- P01-U03-L01-K03平动动能Translational kinetic energy
- P01-U03-L01-K04功—动能定理Work-energy theorem
- P01-U03-L01-K05多维运动中的功Work in multiple dimensions
Lesson 1.3.2势能与保守力Potential Energy and Conservative ForcesHS→UG1
- P01-U03-L02-K01保守力与非保守力Conservative and nonconservative forces
- P01-U03-L02-K02重力势能与弹性势能Gravitational and elastic potential energy
- P01-U03-L02-K03力是势能的负梯度Force as the negative gradient of potential
- P01-U03-L02-K04势能零点与能量差Reference choices and energy differences
Lesson 1.3.3能量守恒与功率Energy Conservation and PowerHS→UG1
- P01-U03-L03-K01机械能守恒Mechanical-energy conservation
- P01-U03-L03-K02能量转移、耗散与内能Energy transfer, dissipation, and thermal energy
- P01-U03-L03-K03开放与封闭系统的能量核算Open-system and closed-system energy accounting
- P01-U03-L03-K04平均功率与瞬时功率Average and instantaneous power
- P01-U03-L03-K05效率与能量流图Efficiency and energy-flow diagrams
Lesson 1.3.4势能图景与稳定性Energy Landscapes and StabilityUG1→UG2
- P01-U03-L04-K01转折点与可达区域Turning points and accessible regions
- P01-U03-L04-K02稳定、不稳定与随遇平衡Stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium
- P01-U03-L04-K03势能极小值附近的小振动Small oscillations near a potential minimum
- P01-U03-L04-K04有效势Effective potential
Unit 1.4线动量与系统Linear Momentum and Systems4 课
Lesson 1.4.1冲量与动量Impulse and MomentumHS→UG1
- P01-U04-L01-K01线动量及其矢量性Linear momentum and its vector character
- P01-U04-L01-K02冲量是力对时间的积分Impulse as force integrated over time
- P01-U04-L01-K03冲量—动量定理Impulse-momentum theorem
- P01-U04-L01-K04力—时间图像与短时相互作用Force-time graphs and short-duration interactions
Lesson 1.4.2系统与质心Systems and Center of MassHS→UG1
- P01-U04-L02-K01内力与外力Internal and external forces
- P01-U04-L02-K02总线动量守恒Conservation of total linear momentum
- P01-U04-L02-K03离散与连续系统的质心Center of mass for discrete and continuous systems
- P01-U04-L02-K04质心运动Center-of-mass motion
- P01-U04-L02-K05质心参考系Center-of-mass reference frame
Lesson 1.4.3碰撞与爆炸Collisions and ExplosionsHS→UG1
- P01-U04-L03-K01弹性与非弹性碰撞Elastic, inelastic, and perfectly inelastic collisions
- P01-U04-L03-K02一维碰撞分析One-dimensional collision analysis
- P01-U04-L03-K03二维碰撞分析Two-dimensional collision analysis
- P01-U04-L03-K04恢复系数Coefficient of restitution
- P01-U04-L03-K05爆炸、反冲与能量释放Explosions, recoil, and energy release
Lesson 1.4.4变质量系统Variable-Mass SystemsUG2
- P01-U04-L04-K01边界变化系统的动量核算Momentum balance for changing system boundaries
- P01-U04-L04-K02火箭方程Rocket equation
- P01-U04-L04-K03质量流率与推力Mass flow and thrust
- P01-U04-L04-K04直接使用 \(F=ma\) 的边界Limits of naive use of \(F=ma\)
Unit 1.5转动与刚体动力学Rotation and Rigid-Body Dynamics5 课
Lesson 1.5.1转动运动学Rotational KinematicsHS→UG1
- P01-U05-L01-K01角位置、角速度与角加速度Angular position, velocity, and acceleration
- P01-U05-L01-K02匀角加速关系Constant-angular-acceleration relations
- P01-U05-L01-K03线量与角量的联系Linear-angular variable connections
- P01-U05-L01-K04无滑动滚动约束Rolling constraint without slipping
Lesson 1.5.2力矩与转动惯量Torque and Rotational InertiaHS→UG1
- P01-U05-L02-K01力矩的叉积定义Torque as \(\mathbf r\times\mathbf F\)
- P01-U05-L02-K02转动形式的牛顿第二定律Rotational form of Newton's second law
- P01-U05-L02-K03质点系与连续体转动惯量Moment of inertia for particles and continuous bodies
- P01-U05-L02-K04平行轴与垂直轴定理Parallel-axis and perpendicular-axis theorems
- P01-U05-L02-K05对转轴与质量分布的依赖Dependence on axis and mass distribution
Lesson 1.5.3转动能量与滚动Rotational Energy and RollingHS→UG1
- P01-U05-L03-K01转动动能Rotational kinetic energy
- P01-U05-L03-K02转动中的功与功率Work and power in rotation
- P01-U05-L03-K03平动与转动的组合Combined translation and rotation
- P01-U05-L03-K04滚动物体的能量与受力分析Energy and force analysis of rolling
Lesson 1.5.4角动量Angular MomentumHS→UG1
- P01-U05-L04-K01质点角动量Angular momentum of a particle
- P01-U05-L04-K02角冲量与力矩Angular impulse and torque
- P01-U05-L04-K03刚体角动量Angular momentum of a rigid body
- P01-U05-L04-K04角动量守恒Conservation of angular momentum
- P01-U05-L04-K05轨道与自转角动量分解Orbital and spin angular momentum decomposition
Lesson 1.5.5三维刚体运动Three-Dimensional Rigid-Body MotionUG2
- P01-U05-L05-K01惯性张量与主轴Inertia tensor and principal axes
- P01-U05-L05-K02欧拉角与角速度Euler angles and angular velocity
- P01-U05-L05-K03无力矩转动Torque-free rotation
- P01-U05-L05-K04陀螺、进动与章动Gyroscopes, precession, and nutation
- P01-U05-L05-K05欧拉刚体方程Euler's rigid-body equations
Unit 1.6平衡、弹性与材料响应Equilibrium, Elasticity, and Material Response3 课
Lesson 1.6.1静力平衡Static EquilibriumHS→UG1
- P01-U06-L01-K01平动与转动平衡条件Translational and rotational equilibrium conditions
- P01-U06-L01-K02分布载荷与等效力Distributed loads and equivalent forces
- P01-U06-L01-K03重心与倾覆稳定性Center of gravity and tipping stability
- P01-U06-L01-K04桁架、梁与支座反力Trusses, beams, and support reactions
Lesson 1.6.2应力、应变与弹性Stress, Strain, and ElasticityHS→UG1
- P01-U06-L02-K01正应力与剪应力Normal and shear stress
- P01-U06-L02-K02各类应变Tensile, compressive, shear, and volume strain
- P01-U06-L02-K03杨氏、剪切与体积模量Young's, shear, and bulk moduli
- P01-U06-L02-K04弹性能密度Elastic energy density
- P01-U06-L02-K05泊松比与耦合形变Poisson ratio and coupled deformation
Lesson 1.6.3超越理想弹性Beyond Ideal ElasticityUG2
- P01-U06-L03-K01弹性极限、屈服、塑性与断裂Elastic limit, yield, plasticity, and fracture
- P01-U06-L03-K02黏弹性响应与滞后Viscoelastic response and hysteresis
- P01-U06-L03-K03弯曲、屈曲与稳定性Bending, buckling, and stability
- P01-U06-L03-K04本构关系与材料模型Constitutive relations and material models
Unit 1.7万有引力与中心力运动Gravitation and Central-Force Motion4 课
Lesson 1.7.1牛顿引力Newtonian GravitationHS→UG1
- P01-U07-L01-K01万有引力定律Universal law of gravitation
- P01-U07-L01-K02引力场与叠加Gravitational field and superposition
- P01-U07-L01-K03壳层定理与球对称天体Shell theorem and spherical bodies
- P01-U07-L01-K04引力势与引力势能Gravitational potential and potential energy
- P01-U07-L01-K05逃逸速度Escape speed
Lesson 1.7.2轨道与开普勒定律Orbits and Kepler's LawsHS→UG1
- P01-U07-L02-K01圆轨道速度、周期与能量Circular-orbit speed, period, and energy
- P01-U07-L02-K02开普勒三定律Kepler's three laws
- P01-U07-L02-K03椭圆、抛物与双曲轨道Elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic trajectories
- P01-U07-L02-K04卫星转移与轨道机动Satellite transfer and orbital maneuvers
- P01-U07-L02-K05视重与微重力Apparent weight and microgravity
Lesson 1.7.3中心力方法Central-Force MethodsUG2
- P01-U07-L03-K01二体问题约化Reduction of the two-body problem
- P01-U07-L03-K02约化质量与相对坐标Reduced mass and relative coordinate
- P01-U07-L03-K03有效势与轨道稳定性Effective potential and orbit stability
- P01-U07-L03-K04轨道方程与平方反比运动Orbit equation and inverse-square motion
- P01-U07-L03-K05中心势散射Scattering in a central potential
Lesson 1.7.4扩展引力现象Extended Gravitational PhenomenaUG1→UG2
- P01-U07-L04-K01潮汐力与洛希极限Tidal forces and Roche limits
- P01-U07-L04-K02引力自能Gravitational self-energy
- P01-U07-L04-K03多体轨道与摄动Many-body orbital dynamics and perturbations
- P01-U07-L04-K04牛顿引力的适用边界Boundary of validity of Newtonian gravity
Unit 1.8流体与连续介质力学Fluid and Continuum Mechanics4 课
Lesson 1.8.1流体静力学Fluid StaticsHS→UG1
- P01-U08-L01-K01密度、压强与各向同性应力Density, pressure, and isotropic stress
- P01-U08-L01-K02静水压强分布Hydrostatic pressure variation
- P01-U08-L01-K03帕斯卡原理与液压系统Pascal's principle and hydraulic systems
- P01-U08-L01-K04浮力与阿基米德原理Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle
- P01-U08-L01-K05浮体稳定性Stability of floating bodies
Lesson 1.8.2理想流体流动Ideal Fluid FlowHS→UG1
- P01-U08-L02-K01流线、迹线与稳恒流Streamlines, pathlines, and steady flow
- P01-U08-L02-K02质量守恒与连续性方程Mass conservation and continuity equation
- P01-U08-L02-K03伯努利方程及能量解释Bernoulli equation and energy interpretation
- P01-U08-L02-K04托里拆利、文丘里与升力应用Torricelli, Venturi, and lift applications
- P01-U08-L02-K05理想流动模型的边界Limits of ideal-flow models
Lesson 1.8.3黏性与实际流动Viscous and Real FlowUG1→UG2
- P01-U08-L03-K01黏度与剪切速率关系Viscosity and shear-rate relations
- P01-U08-L03-K02泊肃叶流与流阻Poiseuille flow and hydraulic resistance
- P01-U08-L03-K03雷诺数与动力相似Reynolds number and dynamic similarity
- P01-U08-L03-K04层流、湍流与边界层Laminar flow, turbulence, and boundary layers
- P01-U08-L03-K05物体所受阻力与升力Drag and lift on bodies
Lesson 1.8.4连续介质方程与界面Continuum Equations and InterfacesUG2
- P01-U08-L04-K01物质导数与局部守恒律Material derivative and local conservation laws
- P01-U08-L04-K02欧拉与纳维—斯托克斯方程Euler and Navier–Stokes equations
- P01-U08-L04-K03涡量与环流Vorticity and circulation
- P01-U08-L04-K04表面张力、接触角与毛细现象Surface tension, contact angle, and capillarity
- P01-U08-L04-K05可压缩流与激波形成Compressible flow and shock formation
Unit 1.9分析力学Analytical Mechanics4 课
Lesson 1.9.1广义坐标与变分原理Generalized Coordinates and Variational PrinciplesUG2
- P01-U09-L01-K01自由度与完整约束Degrees of freedom and holonomic constraints
- P01-U09-L01-K02广义坐标与虚位移Generalized coordinates and virtual displacement
- P01-U09-L01-K03达朗贝尔原理D'Alembert's principle
- P01-U09-L01-K04作用量与哈密顿原理Action and Hamilton's principle
- P01-U09-L01-K05欧拉—拉格朗日方程Euler–Lagrange equations
Lesson 1.9.2拉格朗日力学与对称性Lagrangian Mechanics and SymmetryUG2
- P01-U09-L02-K01拉格朗日量的构造Constructing the Lagrangian
- P01-U09-L02-K02循环坐标与守恒广义动量Cyclic coordinates and conserved momenta
- P01-U09-L02-K03诺特定理Noether's theorem
- P01-U09-L02-K04中心力与刚体应用Central-force and rigid-body applications
- P01-U09-L02-K05小振动与简正坐标Small oscillations and normal coordinates
Lesson 1.9.3哈密顿力学Hamiltonian MechanicsUG2
- P01-U09-L03-K01勒让德变换与哈密顿量Legendre transformation and Hamiltonian
- P01-U09-L03-K02哈密顿正则方程Hamilton's canonical equations
- P01-U09-L03-K03相空间与刘维尔定理Phase space and Liouville's theorem
- P01-U09-L03-K04泊松括号与生成元Poisson brackets and generators
- P01-U09-L03-K05正则变换与哈密顿—雅可比理论Canonical transformations and Hamilton–Jacobi theory
Lesson 1.9.4非线性动力学与混沌Nonlinear Dynamics and ChaosUG2→EXT
- P01-U09-L04-K01不动点与稳定性Fixed points and stability
- P01-U09-L04-K02相图与分界轨道Phase portraits and separatrices
- P01-U09-L04-K03分岔与非线性共振Bifurcations and nonlinear resonance
- P01-U09-L04-K04确定性混沌与李雅普诺夫指数Deterministic chaos and Lyapunov exponents
- P01-U09-L04-K05庞加莱截面与通往混沌的道路Poincaré sections and routes to chaos
PART II振动、波与声学Oscillations, Waves, and Acoustics6 单元 · 18 课
Unit 2.1简谐运动Simple Harmonic Motion2 课
Lesson 2.1.1谐振子模型The Harmonic-Oscillator ModelHS→UG1
- P02-U01-L01-K01回复力与平衡位置Restoring force and equilibrium position
- P02-U01-L01-K02简谐运动微分方程Differential equation of simple harmonic motion
- P02-U01-L01-K03振幅、周期、频率、相位与角频率Amplitude, period, frequency, phase, and angular frequency
- P02-U01-L01-K04位移、速度与加速度关系Position, velocity, and acceleration relations
- P02-U01-L01-K05简谐运动中的能量交换Energy exchange in simple harmonic motion
- P02-U01-L01-K06相量与复指数表示Phasor and complex-exponential representation
Lesson 2.1.2机械振子Mechanical OscillatorsHS→UG1
- P02-U01-L02-K01水平与竖直弹簧振子Horizontal and vertical spring–mass systems
- P02-U01-L02-K02单摆与小角近似Simple pendulum and the small-angle approximation
- P02-U01-L02-K03复摆与扭摆Physical and torsional pendulums
- P02-U01-L02-K04串并联弹簧等效劲度系数Effective spring constants in series and parallel
- P02-U01-L02-K05稳定平衡附近的振动Oscillation about stable equilibrium
Unit 2.2阻尼、受迫与耦合振动Damped, Driven, and Coupled Oscillations3 课
Lesson 2.2.1阻尼振动Damped OscillationsUG1→UG2
- P02-U02-L01-K01线性阻尼模型Linear damping model
- P02-U02-L01-K02欠阻尼、临界阻尼与过阻尼Underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped regimes
- P02-U02-L01-K03衰减时间、品质因数与能量损耗Decay time, quality factor, and energy loss
- P02-U02-L01-K04阻尼的相空间描述Phase-space description of damping
Lesson 2.2.2受迫振动与共振Driven Oscillations and ResonanceHS→UG2
- P02-U02-L02-K01稳态振幅与相位响应Steady-state amplitude and phase response
- P02-U02-L02-K02共振频率与带宽Resonance frequency and bandwidth
- P02-U02-L02-K03暂态与稳态运动Transient and steady-state motion
- P02-U02-L02-K04功率吸收与品质因数Power absorption and quality factor
- P02-U02-L02-K05机械、电学与结构共振Mechanical, electrical, and structural resonance
Lesson 2.2.3耦合振子与简正模Coupled Oscillators and Normal ModesUG2
- P02-U02-L03-K01耦合自由度方程Equations for coupled degrees of freedom
- P02-U02-L03-K02简正模与简正频率Normal modes and normal frequencies
- P02-U02-L03-K03本征值表述Eigenvalue formulation
- P02-U02-L03-K04能量交换与拍Energy exchange and beats
- P02-U02-L03-K05振子链的连续极限Continuum limit of oscillator chains
Unit 2.3行波Traveling Waves3 课
Lesson 2.3.1波的描述Wave DescriptionHS→UG1
- P02-U03-L01-K01脉冲、周期波与行波函数Pulses, periodic waves, and traveling-wave functions
- P02-U03-L01-K02振幅、波长、周期、频率与波数Amplitude, wavelength, period, frequency, and wave number
- P02-U03-L01-K03相位与相位差Phase and phase difference
- P02-U03-L01-K04横波与纵波Transverse and longitudinal waves
- P02-U03-L01-K05由介质性质决定的波速Wave speed from medium properties
Lesson 2.3.2波动方程The Wave EquationUG1→UG2
- P02-U03-L02-K01一维波动方程的推导Deriving the one-dimensional wave equation
- P02-U03-L02-K02左行与右行解Left- and right-traveling solutions
- P02-U03-L02-K03初始条件与边界条件Initial and boundary conditions
- P02-U03-L02-K04三维波与波前Three-dimensional waves and wavefronts
- P02-U03-L02-K05球面与柱面扩散Spherical and cylindrical spreading
Lesson 2.3.3波的能量与动量Energy and Momentum in WavesUG1→UG2
- P02-U03-L03-K01能量密度与能量传输Energy density and energy transport
- P02-U03-L03-K02强度与平方反比扩散Intensity and inverse-square spreading
- P02-U03-L03-K03阻抗与功率传输Impedance and power transmission
- P02-U03-L03-K04界面处的反射与透射Reflection and transmission at an interface
- P02-U03-L03-K05动量传输与辐射压Momentum transport and radiation pressure
Unit 2.4叠加、干涉与驻波Superposition, Interference, and Standing Waves3 课
Lesson 2.4.1叠加与干涉Superposition and InterferenceHS→UG1
- P02-U04-L01-K01线性系统中的叠加Superposition in linear systems
- P02-U04-L01-K02相长与相消干涉Constructive and destructive interference
- P02-U04-L01-K03相干源与相位稳定性Coherent sources and phase stability
- P02-U04-L01-K04拍与振幅调制Beats and amplitude modulation
Lesson 2.4.2驻波与共振Standing Waves and ResonanceHS→UG1
- P02-U04-L02-K01波节、波腹与驻波图样Nodes, antinodes, and standing-wave patterns
- P02-U04-L02-K02固定、自由、开口与闭口边界Fixed, free, open, and closed boundaries
- P02-U04-L02-K03谐波与简正频率Harmonics and normal-mode frequencies
- P02-U04-L02-K04弦、管与腔中的共振Resonance in strings, pipes, and cavities
Lesson 2.4.3色散与波包Dispersion and Wave PacketsUG2
- P02-U04-L03-K01局域波的傅里叶合成Fourier synthesis of localized waves
- P02-U04-L03-K02色散关系Dispersion relations
- P02-U04-L03-K03相速度与群速度Phase and group velocity
- P02-U04-L03-K04波包展宽Wave-packet spreading
- P02-U04-L03-K05因果性与信号速度Causality and signal velocity
Unit 2.5声与声学Sound and Acoustics4 课
Lesson 2.5.1声波Sound WavesHS→UG1
- P02-U05-L01-K01声音是纵向压强波Sound as a longitudinal pressure wave
- P02-U05-L01-K02气液固体中的声速Speed of sound in gases, liquids, and solids
- P02-U05-L01-K03压强振幅与质点位移Pressure amplitude and particle displacement
- P02-U05-L01-K04声阻抗与界面行为Acoustic impedance and interface behavior
Lesson 2.5.2声音感知与测量Sound Perception and MeasurementHS→UG1
- P02-U05-L02-K01强度、声强级与分贝Intensity, intensity level, and decibels
- P02-U05-L02-K02频率、音高、频谱与音色Frequency, pitch, spectrum, and timbre
- P02-U05-L02-K03人耳听觉与等响响应Human hearing and equal-loudness response
- P02-U05-L02-K04乐音的傅里叶频谱Fourier spectra of musical sounds
Lesson 2.5.3多普勒效应与运动介质Doppler Effect and Moving MediaHS→UG1
- P02-U05-L03-K01运动声源与运动观察者Moving source and moving observer
- P02-U05-L03-K02符号约定与极限情形Sign conventions and limiting cases
- P02-U05-L03-K03马赫数、激波与音爆Mach number, shock waves, and sonic booms
- P02-U05-L03-K04多普勒测量与成像应用Doppler measurement and imaging applications
Lesson 2.5.4应用声学Applied AcousticsUG1→EXT
- P02-U05-L04-K01共振、共振峰与乐器Resonance, formants, and musical instruments
- P02-U05-L04-K02房间模态、混响与吸声Room modes, reverberation, and absorption
- P02-U05-L04-K03超声的产生与探测Ultrasound generation and detection
- P02-U05-L04-K04噪声控制与声学设计Noise control and acoustic design
Unit 2.6连续介质中的波Waves in Continuous Media3 课
Lesson 2.6.1弦、膜与弹性介质Strings, Membranes, and Elastic MediaUG2
- P02-U06-L01-K01弦与杆的简正模Normal modes of strings and rods
- P02-U06-L01-K02二维膜振动模Two-dimensional membrane modes
- P02-U06-L01-K03纵向与剪切弹性波Longitudinal and shear elastic waves
- P02-U06-L01-K04边值本征频率问题Boundary-value eigenfrequency problems
Lesson 2.6.2流体波与表面波Fluid and Surface WavesUG2
- P02-U06-L02-K01重力波与毛细波Gravity waves and capillary waves
- P02-U06-L02-K02浅水与深水色散Shallow- and deep-water dispersion
- P02-U06-L02-K03分层流体中的内波Internal waves in stratified fluids
- P02-U06-L02-K04波的折射、聚焦与焦散Wave refraction, focusing, and caustics
Lesson 2.6.3非线性波Nonlinear WavesEXT
- P02-U06-L03-K01非线性与振幅相关传播Nonlinearity and amplitude-dependent propagation
- P02-U06-L03-K02孤立波与孤子Solitary waves and solitons
- P02-U06-L03-K03激波陡化与耗散Shock steepening and dissipation
- P02-U06-L03-K04图样形成与波不稳定性Pattern formation and wave instability
PART III热学与统计物理Thermal and Statistical Physics8 单元 · 24 课
Unit 3.1温度、热量与热学性质Temperature, Heat, and Thermal Properties3 课
Lesson 3.1.1热平衡与温度Thermal Equilibrium and TemperatureHS→UG1
- P03-U01-L01-K01热平衡与热力学第零定律Thermal equilibrium and the zeroth law
- P03-U01-L01-K02经验温标与绝对温标Empirical and absolute temperature scales
- P03-U01-L01-K03温度计与测温属性Thermometers and thermometric properties
- P03-U01-L01-K04固体与液体热膨胀Thermal expansion of solids and liquids
Lesson 3.1.2热容与相变Heat Capacity and Phase ChangeHS→UG1
- P03-U01-L02-K01热量、内能与温度的区分Heat, internal energy, and temperature distinction
- P03-U01-L02-K02比热容与摩尔热容Specific and molar heat capacity
- P03-U01-L02-K03量热与热混合Calorimetry and thermal mixing
- P03-U01-L02-K04潜热与一级相变Latent heat and first-order phase change
- P03-U01-L02-K05相图、三相点与临界点Phase diagrams and triple/critical points
Lesson 3.1.3传热Heat TransferHS→UG1
- P03-U01-L03-K01热传导与导热系数Conduction and thermal conductivity
- P03-U01-L03-K02对流与流体输运Convection and fluid transport
- P03-U01-L03-K03热辐射与发射率Thermal radiation and emissivity
- P03-U01-L03-K04斯特藩—玻尔兹曼与维恩定律Stefan–Boltzmann and Wien laws
- P03-U01-L03-K05热阻网络Thermal resistance networks
Unit 3.2气体动理论Kinetic Theory and Gases3 课
Lesson 3.2.1理想气体模型Ideal-Gas ModelHS→UG1
- P03-U02-L01-K01宏观状态量与状态方程Macroscopic state variables and equation of state
- P03-U02-L01-K02压强的分子解释Molecular interpretation of pressure
- P03-U02-L01-K03温度与平均平动动能Temperature and mean translational kinetic energy
- P03-U02-L01-K04分子方均根速率Root-mean-square molecular speed
- P03-U02-L01-K05平均自由程与碰撞频率Mean free path and collision rate
Lesson 3.2.2分子能量与分布Molecular Energy and DistributionsUG1→UG2
- P03-U02-L02-K01自由度与能量均分Degrees of freedom and equipartition
- P03-U02-L02-K02平动、转动与振动模Translational, rotational, and vibrational modes
- P03-U02-L02-K03麦克斯韦—玻尔兹曼速率分布Maxwell–Boltzmann speed distribution
- P03-U02-L02-K04扩散、逸出与分子输运Diffusion, effusion, and molecular transport
- P03-U02-L02-K05热容的温度依赖Temperature dependence of heat capacity
Lesson 3.2.3实际气体与分子间作用Real Gases and Intermolecular ForcesUG1→UG2
- P03-U02-L03-K01对理想气体行为的偏离Deviations from ideal-gas behavior
- P03-U02-L03-K02范德瓦耳斯方程van der Waals equation
- P03-U02-L03-K03维里展开与压缩因子Virial expansion and compressibility factor
- P03-U02-L03-K04分子间势与凝结Intermolecular potentials and condensation
Unit 3.3热力学第一定律First Law of Thermodynamics3 课
Lesson 3.3.1热力学系统与过程Thermodynamic Systems and ProcessesHS→UG1
- P03-U03-L01-K01开放、封闭与孤立系统Open, closed, and isolated systems
- P03-U03-L01-K02状态函数与过程量State functions and path functions
- P03-U03-L01-K03准静态与不可逆过程Quasistatic and irreversible processes
- P03-U03-L01-K04常见热力过程Isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, and adiabatic processes
- P03-U03-L01-K05热力学状态空间中的过程图Process diagrams in thermodynamic state space
Lesson 3.3.2能量、热与功Energy, Heat, and WorkHS→UG1
- P03-U03-L02-K01内能是状态函数Internal energy as a state function
- P03-U03-L02-K02第一定律符号约定First-law sign conventions
- P03-U03-L02-K03压强—体积功Pressure–volume work
- P03-U03-L02-K04定容与定压热容Heat capacities at constant volume and pressure
- P03-U03-L02-K05理想气体绝热关系Adiabatic ideal-gas relations
Lesson 3.3.3热力循环Thermodynamic CyclesUG1
- P03-U03-L03-K01循环中的净功与净热量Net work and heat over a cycle
- P03-U03-L03-K02热机循环表示Heat-engine cycle representation
- P03-U03-L03-K03奥托、柴油、布雷顿与朗肯理想循环Otto, Diesel, Brayton, and Rankine idealizations
- P03-U03-L03-K04制冷机与热泵性能系数Coefficient of performance for refrigerators and heat pumps
Unit 3.4热力学第二定律与熵Second Law and Entropy3 课
Lesson 3.4.1热过程的方向Direction of Thermal ProcessesHS→UG1
- P03-U04-L01-K01开尔文—普朗克与克劳修斯表述Kelvin–Planck and Clausius statements
- P03-U04-L01-K02可逆与不可逆过程Reversible and irreversible processes
- P03-U04-L01-K03热机、制冷机与热泵Heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps
- P03-U04-L01-K04卡诺循环与最大效率Carnot cycle and maximum efficiency
Lesson 3.4.2熵EntropyHS→UG1
- P03-U04-L02-K01可逆路径中的熵变Entropy change in reversible paths
- P03-U04-L02-K02不可逆过程中的熵产生Entropy production in irreversible processes
- P03-U04-L02-K03系统与环境的熵核算Entropy balance for systems and surroundings
- P03-U04-L02-K04克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality
- P03-U04-L02-K05熵的微观解释Microscopic interpretation \(S=k_B\ln\Omega\)
Lesson 3.4.3绝对熵与第三定律Absolute Entropy and the Third LawUG1→UG2
- P03-U04-L03-K01第三定律与零温极限Third law and zero-temperature limit
- P03-U04-L03-K02绝对熵与剩余熵Absolute entropy and residual entropy
- P03-U04-L03-K03绝对零度不可达Unattainability of absolute zero
- P03-U04-L03-K04低温热容Low-temperature heat capacity
Unit 3.5热力学势与相平衡Thermodynamic Potentials and Phase Equilibrium3 课
Lesson 3.5.1热力学基本关系Fundamental Thermodynamic RelationsUG2
- P03-U05-L01-K01基本关系与共轭变量Fundamental relation and conjugate variables
- P03-U05-L01-K02焓、亥姆霍兹与吉布斯自由能Enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy
- P03-U05-L01-K03热力学中的勒让德变换Legendre transforms in thermodynamics
- P03-U05-L01-K04麦克斯韦关系Maxwell relations
- P03-U05-L01-K05化学势Chemical potential
Lesson 3.5.2响应函数与稳定性Response Functions and StabilityUG2
- P03-U05-L02-K01压缩率、膨胀系数与热容Compressibility, expansivity, and heat capacities
- P03-U05-L02-K02响应函数间的热力学恒等式Thermodynamic identities among response functions
- P03-U05-L02-K03稳定性与凸性条件Stability and convexity conditions
- P03-U05-L02-K04焦耳与焦耳—汤姆孙过程Joule and Joule–Thomson processes
Lesson 3.5.3相平衡Phase EquilibriumUG2
- P03-U05-L03-K01温度、压强与化学势平衡Equality of temperature, pressure, and chemical potential
- P03-U05-L03-K02吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule
- P03-U05-L03-K03克劳修斯—克拉佩龙方程Clausius–Clapeyron equation
- P03-U05-L03-K04一级与连续相变First-order and continuous phase transitions
- P03-U05-L03-K05亚稳态、成核与滞后Metastability, nucleation, and hysteresis
Unit 3.6经典统计力学Classical Statistical Mechanics3 课
Lesson 3.6.1概率与微观态Probability and MicrostatesUG2
- P03-U06-L01-K01概率分布与期望值Probability distributions and expectation values
- P03-U06-L01-K02微观态、宏观态与多重度Microstates, macrostates, and multiplicity
- P03-U06-L01-K03统计力学基本假设Fundamental postulate of statistical mechanics
- P03-U06-L01-K04熵、信息与典型性Entropy, information, and typicality
Lesson 3.6.2系综与配分函数Ensembles and Partition FunctionsUG2
- P03-U06-L02-K01微正则系综Microcanonical ensemble
- P03-U06-L02-K02正则系综与玻尔兹曼因子Canonical ensemble and Boltzmann factor
- P03-U06-L02-K03巨正则系综Grand canonical ensemble
- P03-U06-L02-K04配分函数与热力学量Partition function and thermodynamic quantities
- P03-U06-L02-K05涨落与热力学极限Fluctuations and thermodynamic limit
Lesson 3.6.3经典统计应用Classical ApplicationsUG2
- P03-U06-L03-K01由配分函数导出理想气体Ideal gas from the partition function
- P03-U06-L03-K02顺磁性与二能级系统Paramagnetism and two-state systems
- P03-U06-L03-K03经典谐振子Classical harmonic oscillators
- P03-U06-L03-K04能量均分及其失效Equipartition and its breakdown
Unit 3.7量子统计与集体现象Quantum Statistics and Collective Phenomena3 课
Lesson 3.7.1玻色与费米统计Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac StatisticsUG2
- P03-U07-L01-K01不可分辨性与占据数Indistinguishability and occupation numbers
- P03-U07-L01-K02玻色—爱因斯坦分布Bose–Einstein distribution
- P03-U07-L01-K03费米—狄拉克分布Fermi–Dirac distribution
- P03-U07-L01-K04量子统计的经典极限Classical limit of quantum statistics
- P03-U07-L01-K05量子气体的化学势Chemical potential for quantum gases
Lesson 3.7.2量子气体与辐射Quantum Gases and RadiationUG2
- P03-U07-L02-K01光子气体与普朗克谱Photon gas and Planck spectrum
- P03-U07-L02-K02声子气体与固体热容Phonon gas and solid heat capacity
- P03-U07-L02-K03简并电子气体Degenerate electron gas
- P03-U07-L02-K04玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚Bose–Einstein condensation
Lesson 3.7.3相变与临界性Phase Transitions and CriticalityUG2→EXT
- P03-U07-L03-K01序参量与对称性破缺Order parameters and broken symmetry
- P03-U07-L03-K02平均场模型Mean-field models
- P03-U07-L03-K03关联长度与涨落Correlation length and fluctuations
- P03-U07-L03-K04临界指数与普适性Critical exponents and universality
- P03-U07-L03-K05标度与重整化观点Scaling and renormalization viewpoint
Unit 3.8非平衡与随机物理Nonequilibrium and Stochastic Physics3 课
Lesson 3.8.1输运过程Transport ProcessesUG2
- P03-U08-L01-K01扩散方程与菲克定律Diffusion equation and Fick's laws
- P03-U08-L01-K02热传导的输运观点Thermal conduction as transport
- P03-U08-L01-K03黏性与动量输运Viscosity and momentum transport
- P03-U08-L01-K04迁移率、电导率与爱因斯坦关系Mobility, conductivity, and Einstein relations
Lesson 3.8.2随机过程Random ProcessesUG2→EXT
- P03-U08-L02-K01随机游走与扩散极限Random walks and diffusion limit
- P03-U08-L02-K02布朗运动与朗之万方程Brownian motion and Langevin equation
- P03-U08-L02-K03福克—普朗克方程Fokker–Planck equation
- P03-U08-L02-K04涨落—耗散关系Fluctuation–dissipation relation
- P03-U08-L02-K05马尔可夫过程与主方程Markov processes and master equations
Lesson 3.8.3不可逆热力学Irreversible ThermodynamicsEXT
- P03-U08-L03-K01局域平衡与熵产生Local equilibrium and entropy production
- P03-U08-L03-K02热力学力与流Thermodynamic forces and fluxes
- P03-U08-L03-K03昂萨格互易关系Onsager reciprocal relations
- P03-U08-L03-K04远离平衡的稳态Steady states far from equilibrium
PART IV电磁学Electricity and Magnetism11 单元 · 35 课
Unit 4.1电荷与电场Electric Charge and Electric Field3 课
Lesson 4.1.1电荷与库仑相互作用Electric Charge and Coulomb InteractionHS→UG1
- P04-U01-L01-K01正电荷与负电荷Positive and negative charge
- P04-U01-L01-K02电荷守恒与量子化Conservation and quantization of charge
- P04-U01-L01-K03导体、绝缘体与电荷转移Conductors, insulators, and charge transfer
- P04-U01-L01-K04库仑定律Coulomb's law
- P04-U01-L01-K05电力的叠加Superposition of electric forces
Lesson 4.1.2电场Electric FieldHS→UG1
- P04-U01-L02-K01电场的试探电荷定义Test-charge and operational definition of electric field
- P04-U01-L02-K02点电荷电场Electric field of point charges
- P04-U01-L02-K03电场线与矢量场表示Field lines and vector-field representation
- P04-U01-L02-K04电荷在匀强电场中的运动Motion of a charge in a uniform electric field
- P04-U01-L02-K05连续电荷分布Continuous charge distributions
Lesson 4.1.3电偶极与多极展开Electric Dipoles and MultipolesUG1→UG2
- P04-U01-L03-K01电偶极矩Electric dipole moment
- P04-U01-L03-K02偶极子在电场中的力矩与能量Torque and energy of a dipole in a field
- P04-U01-L03-K03偶极场与远场近似Dipole field and far-field approximation
- P04-U01-L03-K04多极展开与主导阶行为Multipole expansion and leading-order behavior
Unit 4.2电通量与高斯定律Electric Flux and Gauss's Law3 课
Lesson 4.2.1电通量Electric FluxHS→UG1
- P04-U02-L01-K01面积矢量与穿过曲面的通量Area vectors and flux through a surface
- P04-U02-L01-K02匀强与非匀强场中的通量Flux in uniform and nonuniform fields
- P04-U02-L01-K03闭合曲面与取向Closed surfaces and orientation
- P04-U02-L01-K04立体角解释Solid angle interpretation
Lesson 4.2.2高斯定律与对称性Gauss's Law and SymmetryHS→UG1
- P04-U02-L02-K01高斯定律积分形式Integral form of Gauss's law
- P04-U02-L02-K02高斯面的选择Choosing Gaussian surfaces
- P04-U02-L02-K03球、柱与平面对称Spherical, cylindrical, and planar symmetry
- P04-U02-L02-K04静电平衡导体Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium
- P04-U02-L02-K05高斯定律可直接求场的条件Conditions under which Gauss's law is computationally useful
Lesson 4.2.3静电学的局部形式Local Form of ElectrostaticsUG2
- P04-U02-L03-K01电场散度Divergence of electric field
- P04-U02-L03-K02高斯定律微分形式Differential form \(\nabla\cdot\mathbf E=\rho/\epsilon_0\)
- P04-U02-L03-K03电荷密度作为场源Charge density as a field source
- P04-U02-L03-K04δ 函数电荷分布Delta-function charge distributions
Unit 4.3电势与边值问题Electric Potential and Boundary-Value Problems3 课
Lesson 4.3.1电势Electric PotentialHS→UG1
- P04-U03-L01-K01电势能与电势Electric potential energy and electric potential
- P04-U03-L01-K02电势差与单位电荷做功Potential difference and work per unit charge
- P04-U03-L01-K03点电荷与连续分布的电势Potential of point and continuous charges
- P04-U03-L01-K04等势面Equipotential surfaces
- P04-U03-L01-K05电场是电势的负梯度Electric field as negative potential gradient
Lesson 4.3.2电荷分布的能量Energy of Charge DistributionsUG1→UG2
- P04-U03-L02-K01点电荷系统的势能Potential energy of systems of point charges
- P04-U03-L02-K02电场能量密度Energy density of the electric field
- P04-U03-L02-K03自能及其经典局限Self-energy and its classical limitations
- P04-U03-L02-K04受力法与能量法Force and energy methods
Lesson 4.3.3泊松与拉普拉斯方程Poisson and Laplace EquationsUG2
- P04-U03-L03-K01有电荷区域的泊松方程Poisson equation in charge-filled regions
- P04-U03-L03-K02无电荷区域的拉普拉斯方程Laplace equation in charge-free regions
- P04-U03-L03-K03边界条件与唯一性定理Boundary conditions and uniqueness theorem
- P04-U03-L03-K04分离变量法Separation of variables
- P04-U03-L03-K05镜像电荷法与格林函数法Image-charge and Green-function methods
Unit 4.4导体、电容器与电介质Conductors, Capacitors, and Dielectrics3 课
Lesson 4.4.1静电平衡导体Conductors in Electrostatic EquilibriumHS→UG1
- P04-U04-L01-K01内部场为零与等势性Zero interior electric field and constant potential
- P04-U04-L01-K02表面电荷与法向电场Surface charge and normal electric field
- P04-U04-L01-K03静电屏蔽与空腔Electrostatic shielding and cavities
- P04-U04-L01-K04尖端附近的场增强Field enhancement near sharp curvature
Lesson 4.4.2电容与储能Capacitance and Stored EnergyHS→UG1
- P04-U04-L02-K01电容定义Definition of capacitance
- P04-U04-L02-K02平行板、柱形与球形电容器Parallel-plate, cylindrical, and spherical capacitors
- P04-U04-L02-K03电容器串并联Capacitors in series and parallel
- P04-U04-L02-K04电容器与电场中的储能Energy stored in capacitors and fields
- P04-U04-L02-K05电容极板间作用力Force between capacitor plates
Lesson 4.4.3电介质Dielectric MatterUG1→UG2
- P04-U04-L03-K01极化与束缚电荷Polarization and bound charge
- P04-U04-L03-K02电位移矢量Electric displacement field \(\mathbf D\)
- P04-U04-L03-K03线性介质、介电率与极化率Linear dielectrics, permittivity, and susceptibility
- P04-U04-L03-K04电介质界面边界条件Boundary conditions at dielectric interfaces
- P04-U04-L03-K05电介质击穿与损耗Dielectric breakdown and loss
Unit 4.5电流、电阻与直流电路Current, Resistance, and Direct-Current Circuits4 课
Lesson 4.5.1电流与导电Electric Current and ConductionHS→UG1
- P04-U05-L01-K01电流是电荷流率Current as charge-flow rate
- P04-U05-L01-K02传统电流方向与载流子运动Conventional current and carrier motion
- P04-U05-L01-K03电流密度与连续性方程Current density and continuity equation
- P04-U05-L01-K04漂移速度与微观导电Drift velocity and microscopic conduction
- P04-U05-L01-K05电动势与电源Electromotive force and sources
Lesson 4.5.2电阻与电能Resistance and Electrical EnergyHS→UG1
- P04-U05-L02-K01欧姆定律及适用范围Ohm's law and its domain of validity
- P04-U05-L02-K02电阻率、几何与温度依赖Resistivity, geometry, and temperature dependence
- P04-U05-L02-K03电阻串并联网络Series and parallel resistor networks
- P04-U05-L02-K04电功率与焦耳热Electrical power and Joule heating
- P04-U05-L02-K05内阻与端电压Internal resistance and terminal voltage
Lesson 4.5.3电路分析Circuit AnalysisHS→UG1
- P04-U05-L03-K01理想导线、节点、支路与回路Ideal wires, nodes, branches, and loops
- P04-U05-L03-K02基尔霍夫节点与回路定律Kirchhoff's junction and loop rules
- P04-U05-L03-K03多回路电路求解Multiloop circuit solution
- P04-U05-L03-K04电压表、电流表与负载效应Voltmeters, ammeters, and loading
- P04-U05-L03-K05戴维南与诺顿等效Thevenin and Norton equivalents
Lesson 4.5.4RC 电路与暂态RC Circuits and TransientsHS→UG1
- P04-U05-L04-K01电容器充放电Capacitor charging and discharging
- P04-U05-L04-K02时间常数与指数响应Time constant and exponential response
- P04-U05-L04-K03初始与终态条件Initial and final conditions
- P04-U05-L04-K04RC 滤波与定时应用RC filters and timing applications
Unit 4.6磁力与带电粒子运动Magnetic Forces and Charged-Particle Motion3 课
Lesson 4.6.1磁场与洛伦兹力Magnetic Field and Lorentz ForceHS→UG1
- P04-U06-L01-K01磁场作为矢量场Magnetic field as a vector field
- P04-U06-L01-K02运动电荷所受洛伦兹力Lorentz force on a moving charge
- P04-U06-L01-K03叉积方向与零力情形Cross-product direction and zero-force cases
- P04-U06-L01-K04磁力对点电荷不做功Magnetic force does no work on a point charge
Lesson 4.6.2带电粒子在场中的运动Charged Particles in FieldsHS→UG1
- P04-U06-L02-K01匀强磁场中的圆周与螺旋运动Circular and helical motion in a uniform magnetic field
- P04-U06-L02-K02速度选择器与交叉场Velocity selectors and crossed fields
- P04-U06-L02-K03质谱仪与回旋加速器Mass spectrometers and cyclotrons
- P04-U06-L02-K04磁约束与导引中心运动Magnetic confinement and guiding-center motion
Lesson 4.6.3载流体所受力与力矩Forces and Torques on CurrentsHS→UG1
- P04-U06-L03-K01载流导线所受力Force on a current-carrying wire
- P04-U06-L03-K02载流线圈所受力矩Torque on a current loop
- P04-U06-L03-K03磁偶极矩与势能Magnetic dipole moment and potential energy
- P04-U06-L03-K04霍尔效应与载流子符号Hall effect and carrier sign
Unit 4.7磁场源与磁性物质Sources of Magnetic Field and Magnetic Matter3 课
Lesson 4.7.1毕奥—萨伐尔定律Biot–Savart LawHS→UG1
- P04-U07-L01-K01电流元的磁场Field of a current element
- P04-U07-L01-K02直导线、圆环与圆弧Straight wires, loops, and arcs
- P04-U07-L01-K03电流分布的叠加Superposition for current distributions
- P04-U07-L01-K04电流环的远场Far field of a current loop
Lesson 4.7.2安培定律Ampère's LawHS→UG2
- P04-U07-L02-K01磁场环流Circulation of magnetic field
- P04-U07-L02-K02无限长导线、螺线管与环形线圈Infinite wire, solenoid, and toroid
- P04-U07-L02-K03积分与微分形式Integral and differential forms
- P04-U07-L02-K04对称性求场的条件Conditions for symmetry-based use
Lesson 4.7.3物质的磁性Magnetism in MatterUG1→UG2
- P04-U07-L03-K01磁化与束缚电流Magnetization and bound currents
- P04-U07-L03-K02辅助场 \(\mathbf H\)Auxiliary field \(\mathbf H\)
- P04-U07-L03-K03抗磁、顺磁与铁磁Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism
- P04-U07-L03-K04磁畴与磁滞Magnetic domains and hysteresis
- P04-U07-L03-K05磁介质界面边界条件Boundary conditions in magnetic media
Unit 4.8电磁感应与电感Electromagnetic Induction and Inductance3 课
Lesson 4.8.1法拉第与楞次定律Faraday's and Lenz's LawsHS→UG1
- P04-U08-L01-K01磁通量Magnetic flux
- P04-U08-L01-K02变化磁通产生感应电动势Induced emf from changing flux
- P04-U08-L01-K03楞次定律与能量守恒Lenz's law and energy conservation
- P04-U08-L01-K04非匀强场与运动边界Nonuniform fields and moving boundaries
Lesson 4.8.2动生电动势与发电机Motional EMF and Electric GeneratorsHS→UG1
- P04-U08-L02-K01动生电动势的洛伦兹力推导Lorentz-force derivation of motional emf
- P04-U08-L02-K02导体棒、导轨与旋转导体Conducting rods, rails, and rotating conductors
- P04-U08-L02-K03机械能到电能的转换Mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion
- P04-U08-L02-K04涡流与磁制动Eddy currents and magnetic braking
Lesson 4.8.3电感与 RL 电路Inductance and RL CircuitsHS→UG1
- P04-U08-L03-K01自感与互感Self-inductance and mutual inductance
- P04-U08-L03-K02磁场储能Energy stored in magnetic fields
- P04-U08-L03-K03RL 电路增长与衰减RL growth and decay
- P04-U08-L03-K04变压器与耦合电路Transformers and coupled circuits
- P04-U08-L03-K05电动机与发电机中的反电动势Back emf in motors and generators
Unit 4.9交流电路Alternating-Current Circuits3 课
Lesson 4.9.1正弦稳态Sinusoidal Steady StateUG1
- P04-U09-L01-K01交流源、频率、相位与有效值AC sources, frequency, phase, and RMS values
- P04-U09-L01-K02容抗与感抗Capacitive and inductive reactance
- P04-U09-L01-K03相量表示Phasor representation
- P04-U09-L01-K04复阻抗Complex impedance
Lesson 4.9.2RLC 电路与共振RLC Circuits and ResonanceUG1→UG2
- P04-U09-L02-K01串并联 RLC 响应Series and parallel RLC response
- P04-U09-L02-K02共振频率与带宽Resonant frequency and bandwidth
- P04-U09-L02-K03品质因数与阻尼Quality factor and damping
- P04-U09-L02-K04频率响应与滤波器Frequency response and filters
Lesson 4.9.3交流功率与输电AC Power and TransmissionUG1
- P04-U09-L03-K01瞬时、平均、有功与无功功率Instantaneous, average, real, and reactive power
- P04-U09-L03-K02功率因数Power factor
- P04-U09-L03-K03变压器阻抗匹配Transformer impedance matching
- P04-U09-L03-K04高压输电High-voltage power transmission
Unit 4.10麦克斯韦方程与电磁波Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves3 课
Lesson 4.10.1麦克斯韦对电磁学的统一Maxwell's Completion of ElectromagnetismUG1→UG2
- P04-U10-L01-K01充电电容器揭示的安培定律问题Inconsistency of Ampère's law for charging capacitors
- P04-U10-L01-K02位移电流Displacement current
- P04-U10-L01-K03麦克斯韦方程积分形式Maxwell's equations in integral form
- P04-U10-L01-K04麦克斯韦方程微分形式Maxwell's equations in differential form
- P04-U10-L01-K05电荷守恒与连续性方程Charge conservation and continuity equation
Lesson 4.10.2电磁波Electromagnetic WavesHS→UG2
- P04-U10-L02-K01电场与磁场波动方程Wave equations for electric and magnetic fields
- P04-U10-L02-K02由电磁常数得到光速Speed of light from electromagnetic constants
- P04-U10-L02-K03横向场与场强比Transverse fields and field ratios
- P04-U10-L02-K04平面波解与偏振Plane-wave solutions and polarization
- P04-U10-L02-K05电磁波谱Electromagnetic spectrum
Lesson 4.10.3电磁场的能量与动量Energy and Momentum of Electromagnetic FieldsUG1→UG2
- P04-U10-L03-K01电场与磁场能量密度Electric and magnetic energy density
- P04-U10-L03-K02坡印廷矢量与能流Poynting vector and energy flux
- P04-U10-L03-K03动量密度与辐射压Momentum density and radiation pressure
- P04-U10-L03-K04能量守恒与坡印廷定理Energy conservation and Poynting theorem
Unit 4.11高等电磁场论Advanced Electromagnetic Field Theory4 课
Lesson 4.11.1边值与多极方法Boundary-Value and Multipole MethodsUG2
- P04-U11-L01-K01静电唯一性与边界条件Electrostatic uniqueness and boundary conditions
- P04-U11-L01-K02常见几何中的分离变量Separation of variables in common geometries
- P04-U11-L01-K03格林函数与镜像法Green functions and image methods
- P04-U11-L01-K04电与磁多极展开Electric and magnetic multipole expansions
Lesson 4.11.2势与规范自由Potentials and Gauge FreedomUG2
- P04-U11-L02-K01标势与矢势Scalar and vector potentials
- P04-U11-L02-K02规范变换Gauge transformations
- P04-U11-L02-K03库仑规范与洛伦兹规范Coulomb and Lorenz gauges
- P04-U11-L02-K04推迟势Retarded potentials
- P04-U11-L02-K05规范不变的场与可观测量Gauge-invariant fields and observables
Lesson 4.11.3加速电荷的辐射Radiation from Accelerated ChargesUG2
- P04-U11-L03-K01李纳—维谢尔势Liénard–Wiechert potentials
- P04-U11-L03-K02近场、感应场与辐射场Near, induction, and radiation fields
- P04-U11-L03-K03偶极辐射图样与功率Dipole radiation pattern and power
- P04-U11-L03-K04拉莫尔公式与辐射反作用边界Larmor formula and radiation reaction boundary
- P04-U11-L03-K05天线与辐射区Antennas and radiation zones
Lesson 4.11.4介质与波导中的电磁波Waves in Media and WaveguidesUG2
- P04-U11-L04-K01介质中的色散与吸收Dispersion and absorption in matter
- P04-U11-L04-K02由边界条件求反射与透射Reflection and transmission from boundary conditions
- P04-U11-L04-K03导体、趋肤深度与衰减Conductors, skin depth, and attenuation
- P04-U11-L04-K04波导与谐振腔模Waveguide and cavity modes
- P04-U11-L04-K05群速度与能量传输Group velocity and energy transport
PART V光学与光子学Optics and Photonics7 单元 · 20 课
Unit 5.1光的本性与传播Nature and Propagation of Light3 课
Lesson 5.1.1光的模型Models of LightHS→UG1
- P05-U01-L01-K01光线、波、电磁与光子模型Ray, wave, electromagnetic, and photon models
- P05-U01-L01-K02各光学模型的适用范围Domains of validity of optical models
- P05-U01-L01-K03真空与介质中的光速Speed of light in vacuum and matter
- P05-U01-L01-K04光程与相位累积Optical path length and phase accumulation
- P05-U01-L01-K05折射率、色散与吸收Refractive index, dispersion, and absorption
Lesson 5.1.2费马原理与光线传播Fermat's Principle and Ray PropagationUG1
- P05-U01-L02-K01光程平稳原理Stationary optical path
- P05-U01-L02-K02由费马原理导出反射与折射Reflection and refraction from Fermat's principle
- P05-U01-L02-K03光线近似与程函观点Ray approximation and eikonal viewpoint
- P05-U01-L02-K04光路可逆性Reversibility of optical paths
Lesson 5.1.3辐射度学与光度学Radiometry and PhotometryUG1→EXT
- P05-U01-L03-K01辐射能、功率、强度与辐亮度Radiant energy, power, intensity, and radiance
- P05-U01-L03-K02立体角与平方反比扩散Solid angle and inverse-square spreading
- P05-U01-L03-K03光度量与视觉响应Photometric quantities and visual response
- P05-U01-L03-K04光学扩展量与亮度守恒Étendue and conservation of brightness
Unit 5.2反射、折射、镜面与透镜Reflection, Refraction, Mirrors, and Lenses3 课
Lesson 5.2.1反射与折射Reflection and RefractionHS→UG1
- P05-U02-L01-K01反射定律Law of reflection
- P05-U02-L01-K02斯涅尔定律Snell's law
- P05-U02-L01-K03全反射与临界角Total internal reflection and critical angle
- P05-U02-L01-K04色散与棱镜光谱Dispersion and prism spectra
- P05-U02-L01-K05视深与平面界面Apparent depth and plane interfaces
Lesson 5.2.2反射镜MirrorsHS→UG1
- P05-U02-L02-K01平面镜成像Plane-mirror images
- P05-U02-L02-K02球面镜与近轴近似Spherical mirrors and paraxial approximation
- P05-U02-L02-K03镜面成像公式与放大率Mirror equation and magnification
- P05-U02-L02-K04光线图与符号约定Ray diagrams and sign conventions
- P05-U02-L02-K05球差Spherical aberration
Lesson 5.2.3透镜与光学系统Lenses and Optical SystemsHS→UG1
- P05-U02-L03-K01球面折射Refraction at a spherical surface
- P05-U02-L03-K02薄透镜公式与放大率Thin-lens equation and magnification
- P05-U02-L03-K03透镜制造者公式与光焦度Lens-maker equation and optical power
- P05-U02-L03-K04多透镜与等效系统Multiple lenses and equivalent systems
- P05-U02-L03-K05ABCD 光线传递矩阵ABCD ray-transfer matrices
Unit 5.3光学仪器与成像Optical Instruments and Imaging3 课
Lesson 5.3.1眼睛与相机The Eye and CamerasHS→UG1
- P05-U03-L01-K01眼球光学、调焦与远近点Eye optics, accommodation, and near/far points
- P05-U03-L01-K02近视、远视、散光与矫正Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and correction
- P05-U03-L01-K03相机对焦、光圈、曝光与景深Camera focus, aperture, exposure, and depth of field
- P05-U03-L01-K04传感器尺寸、像素采样与图像噪声Sensor size, pixel sampling, and image noise
Lesson 5.3.2放大镜、显微镜与望远镜Magnifiers, Microscopes, and TelescopesHS→UG1
- P05-U03-L02-K01角放大率Angular magnification
- P05-U03-L02-K02放大镜Simple magnifier
- P05-U03-L02-K03复合显微镜Compound microscope
- P05-U03-L02-K04折射与反射望远镜Refracting and reflecting telescopes
- P05-U03-L02-K05口径、集光能力与分辨率Aperture, light gathering, and resolution
Lesson 5.3.3成像质量与像差Imaging Quality and AberrationsUG1→UG2
- P05-U03-L03-K01点扩散函数与调制传递Point-spread function and modulation transfer
- P05-U03-L03-K02球差与色差Spherical and chromatic aberration
- P05-U03-L03-K03彗差、像散、场曲与畸变Coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion
- P05-U03-L03-K04衍射极限与像差极限成像Diffraction-limited versus aberration-limited imaging
Unit 5.4干涉与相干Interference and Coherence3 课
Lesson 5.4.1双源干涉Two-Source InterferenceHS→UG1
- P05-U04-L01-K01相位差与光程差Phase difference and optical path difference
- P05-U04-L01-K02杨氏双缝干涉Young's double-slit interference
- P05-U04-L01-K03条纹间距与强度分布Fringe spacing and intensity distribution
- P05-U04-L01-K04波长、几何与介质的影响Effects of wavelength, geometry, and refractive media
Lesson 5.4.2薄膜与多光束干涉Thin Films and Multiple BeamsHS→UG2
- P05-U04-L02-K01反射相位突变Phase reversal on reflection
- P05-U04-L02-K02薄膜干涉条件Thin-film interference conditions
- P05-U04-L02-K03增透膜与高反膜Antireflection coatings and high-reflectivity stacks
- P05-U04-L02-K04法布里—珀罗干涉与精细度Fabry–Pérot interference and finesse
Lesson 5.4.3相干性与干涉测量Coherence and InterferometryUG1→UG2
- P05-U04-L03-K01时间与空间相干性Temporal and spatial coherence
- P05-U04-L03-K02相干时间、长度与面积Coherence time, length, and area
- P05-U04-L03-K03条纹可见度与互相干性Fringe visibility and mutual coherence
- P05-U04-L03-K04三类典型干涉仪Michelson, Mach–Zehnder, and Sagnac interferometers
- P05-U04-L03-K05精密位移与折射率测量Precision displacement and index measurement
Unit 5.5衍射与分辨率Diffraction and Resolution3 课
Lesson 5.5.1单孔径衍射Single-Aperture DiffractionHS→UG1
- P05-U05-L01-K01惠更斯—菲涅耳原理Huygens–Fresnel principle
- P05-U05-L01-K02单缝夫琅禾费衍射Single-slit Fraunhofer diffraction
- P05-U05-L01-K03强度极小与中央主极大Intensity minima and central maximum
- P05-U05-L01-K04矩形与圆形孔径Rectangular and circular apertures
Lesson 5.5.2多缝与光栅Multiple Slits and GratingsHS→UG1
- P05-U05-L02-K01干涉与衍射包络Combined interference and diffraction envelope
- P05-U05-L02-K02衍射光栅方程Diffraction-grating equation
- P05-U05-L02-K03角色散与分辨本领Angular dispersion and resolving power
- P05-U05-L02-K04光栅光谱学Spectroscopy with gratings
Lesson 5.5.3分辨率与傅里叶光学Resolution and Fourier OpticsUG1→UG2
- P05-U05-L03-K01瑞利判据与衍射极限Rayleigh criterion and diffraction limit
- P05-U05-L03-K02空间频率表示Spatial-frequency representation
- P05-U05-L03-K03透镜作为傅里叶变换器Lens as a Fourier transformer
- P05-U05-L03-K04传递函数、卷积与成像Transfer functions, convolution, and image formation
- P05-U05-L03-K05空间滤波与相干成像Spatial filtering and coherent imaging
Unit 5.6偏振Polarization2 课
Lesson 5.6.1偏振态Polarization StatesHS→UG1
- P05-U06-L01-K01线、圆与椭圆偏振Linear, circular, and elliptical polarization
- P05-U06-L01-K02由电场分量表示偏振Polarization from electric-field components
- P05-U06-L01-K03吸收、反射与散射产生偏振Polarization by absorption, reflection, and scattering
- P05-U06-L01-K04布儒斯特角Brewster angle
Lesson 5.6.2偏振器件与形式化Polarization Devices and FormalismsHS→UG2
- P05-U06-L02-K01理想偏振片与马吕斯定律Ideal polarizers and Malus's law
- P05-U06-L02-K02双折射与光轴Birefringence and optical axes
- P05-U06-L02-K03四分之一与半波片Quarter- and half-wave plates
- P05-U06-L02-K04琼斯矢量与矩阵Jones vectors and matrices
- P05-U06-L02-K05斯托克斯参数与庞加莱球Stokes parameters and Poincaré sphere
Unit 5.7激光、光纤与光子系统Lasers, Fibers, and Photonic Systems3 课
Lesson 5.7.1激光原理Laser PrinciplesUG1→UG2
- P05-U07-L01-K01吸收、自发与受激辐射Absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission
- P05-U07-L01-K02粒子数反转与泵浦Population inversion and pumping
- P05-U07-L01-K03光增益与阈值Optical gain and threshold
- P05-U07-L01-K04谐振腔模、线宽与相干性Resonator modes, linewidth, and coherence
- P05-U07-L01-K05连续、脉冲与锁模运行Continuous-wave, pulsed, and mode-locked operation
Lesson 5.7.2光纤与波导Optical Fibers and WaveguidesHS→UG2
- P05-U07-L02-K01全反射导光Guiding by total internal reflection
- P05-U07-L02-K02数值孔径与接收锥Numerical aperture and acceptance cone
- P05-U07-L02-K03导模与截止Guided modes and cutoff
- P05-U07-L02-K04模式与材料色散Modal and material dispersion
- P05-U07-L02-K05衰减与光通信Attenuation and optical communication
Lesson 5.7.3非线性与集成光子学Nonlinear and Integrated PhotonicsEXT
- P05-U07-L03-K01非线性极化与极化率Nonlinear polarization and susceptibility
- P05-U07-L03-K02谐波产生与频率混合Harmonic generation and frequency mixing
- P05-U07-L03-K03克尔效应与自相位调制Kerr effect and self-phase modulation
- P05-U07-L03-K04光子晶体与集成光路Photonic crystals and integrated optical circuits
PART VI相对论与引力Relativity and Gravitation5 单元 · 12 课
Unit 6.1从伽利略相对性到时空From Galilean Relativity to Spacetime2 课
Lesson 6.1.1经典相对性及其局限Classical Relativity and Its LimitsHS→UG1
- P06-U01-L01-K01惯性系与伽利略变换Inertial frames and Galilean transformations
- P06-U01-L01-K02经典速度合成Classical velocity addition
- P06-U01-L01-K03牛顿力学的伽利略不变性Galilean invariance of Newtonian mechanics
- P06-U01-L01-K04伽利略变换与电磁学的冲突Conflict between Galilean transformations and electromagnetism
Lesson 6.1.2爱因斯坦公设Einstein's PostulatesHS→UG1
- P06-U01-L02-K01相对性原理Principle of relativity
- P06-U01-L02-K02光速不变原理Invariance of the speed of light
- P06-U01-L02-K03时钟同步的操作定义Operational synchronization of clocks
- P06-U01-L02-K04同时性的相对性Relativity of simultaneity
- P06-U01-L02-K05思想实验的作用Role of thought experiments
Unit 6.2洛伦兹变换与相对论运动学Lorentz Transformations and Relativistic Kinematics3 课
Lesson 6.2.1时间、长度与同时性Time, Length, and SimultaneityHS→UG1
- P06-U02-L01-K01固有时与时间膨胀Proper time and time dilation
- P06-U02-L01-K02固有长度与长度收缩Proper length and length contraction
- P06-U02-L01-K03同时性的相对性Relativity of simultaneity
- P06-U02-L01-K04双生子情形与参考系转换Twin scenario and frame changes
Lesson 6.2.2洛伦兹变换Lorentz TransformationUG1→UG2
- P06-U02-L02-K01洛伦兹变换的推导与结构Derivation and structure of Lorentz transformations
- P06-U02-L02-K02洛伦兹因子与低速极限Lorentz factor and low-speed limit
- P06-U02-L02-K03相对论速度合成Relativistic velocity addition
- P06-U02-L02-K04相对论多普勒效应与光行差Relativistic Doppler effect and aberration
Lesson 6.2.3时空几何Spacetime GeometryUG1→UG2
- P06-U02-L03-K01事件与时空图Events and spacetime diagrams
- P06-U02-L03-K02时空间隔与不变性Spacetime interval and invariance
- P06-U02-L03-K03光锥、因果顺序与类空间隔Light cones, causal order, and spacelike separation
- P06-U02-L03-K04世界线上的固有时Proper time along a worldline
- P06-U02-L03-K05快度与双曲几何Rapidity and hyperbolic geometry
Unit 6.3相对论动力学Relativistic Dynamics3 课
Lesson 6.3.1四维矢量Four-VectorsUG2
- P06-U03-L01-K01四维位置与四维速度Four-position and four-velocity
- P06-U03-L01-K02四维动量Four-momentum
- P06-U03-L01-K03洛伦兹不变标量积Lorentz-invariant scalar products
- P06-U03-L01-K04能量与动量的变换Transformation of energy and momentum
Lesson 6.3.2能量、动量与反应Energy, Momentum, and ReactionsHS→UG2
- P06-U03-L02-K01相对论动量Relativistic momentum
- P06-U03-L02-K02静能与总能量Rest energy and total energy
- P06-U03-L02-K03能量—动量关系Energy–momentum relation
- P06-U03-L02-K04相对论碰撞与衰变Relativistic collisions and decays
- P06-U03-L02-K05不变质量与阈能Invariant mass and threshold energy
Lesson 6.3.3相对论力学Relativistic MechanicsUG2
- P06-U03-L03-K01四维力与相对论加速度Four-force and relativistic acceleration
- P06-U03-L03-K02自由相对论粒子的作用量Action of a free relativistic particle
- P06-U03-L03-K03相对论拉格朗日量与哈密顿量Relativistic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
- P06-U03-L03-K04无质量粒子运动学Massless-particle kinematics
Unit 6.4相对论电磁学Relativistic Electromagnetism1 课
Lesson 6.4.1不同参考系中的电场与磁场Electric and Magnetic Fields Across FramesUG2
- P06-U04-L01-K01电场与磁场变换Transformation of electric and magnetic fields
- P06-U04-L01-K02磁性作为电磁相互作用的相对论表现Magnetism as a relativistic aspect of electromagnetism
- P06-U04-L01-K03电磁场张量Electromagnetic field tensor
- P06-U04-L01-K04四维电流与协变洛伦兹力Four-current and covariant Lorentz force
- P06-U04-L01-K05协变麦克斯韦方程Covariant Maxwell equations
Unit 6.5广义相对论导论Introduction to General Relativity3 课
Lesson 6.5.1等效原理与弯曲时空Equivalence and Curved SpacetimeUG1→UG2
- P06-U05-L01-K01惯性质量与引力质量等效Equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass
- P06-U05-L01-K02引力与加速度的局域等效Local equivalence of gravity and acceleration
- P06-U05-L01-K03引力红移与时间膨胀Gravitational redshift and time dilation
- P06-U05-L01-K04度规、曲率与测地线Metrics, curvature, and geodesics
- P06-U05-L01-K05场方程作为几何与物质关系Einstein field equation as a geometry–matter relation
Lesson 6.5.2广义相对论检验与应用Tests and Applications of General RelativityUG2→EXT
- P06-U05-L02-K01近日点进动Perihelion precession
- P06-U05-L02-K02光线偏折与引力透镜Deflection of light and gravitational lensing
- P06-U05-L02-K03夏皮罗延迟与引力频移Shapiro delay and gravitational frequency shifts
- P06-U05-L02-K04GPS 相对论修正GPS relativistic corrections
- P06-U05-L02-K05双星脉冲星检验Binary-pulsar tests
Lesson 6.5.3黑洞与引力波Black Holes and Gravitational WavesUG2→EXT
- P06-U05-L03-K01史瓦西几何与事件视界Schwarzschild geometry and event horizon
- P06-U05-L03-K02致密天体附近轨道与红移Orbits and redshift near compact objects
- P06-U05-L03-K03黑洞质量、自旋与电荷Black-hole mass, spin, and charge
- P06-U05-L03-K04线性化引力与引力波Linearized gravity and gravitational waves
- P06-U05-L03-K05引力波源与探测Gravitational-wave sources and detection
PART VII量子力学Quantum Mechanics8 单元 · 21 课
Unit 7.1量子物理的实验起源Experimental Origins of Quantum Physics2 课
Lesson 7.1.1辐射的量子化Quantization of RadiationHS→UG1
- P07-U01-L01-K01经典黑体理论的失效Failure of classical blackbody theory
- P07-U01-L01-K02普朗克量子化与黑体谱Planck quantization and blackbody spectrum
- P07-U01-L01-K03光电效应与光子能量Photoelectric effect and photon energy
- P07-U01-L01-K04康普顿散射与光子动量Compton scattering and photon momentum
- P07-U01-L01-K05粒子对产生与湮灭Pair production and annihilation
Lesson 7.1.2物质波与量子证据Matter Waves and Quantum EvidenceHS→UG1
- P07-U01-L02-K01德布罗意波长de Broglie wavelength
- P07-U01-L02-K02电子衍射Electron diffraction
- P07-U01-L02-K03波粒互补性Wave–particle complementarity
- P07-U01-L02-K04单量子双缝实验Double-slit experiments with individual quanta
- P07-U01-L02-K05不确定关系的波包解释Heisenberg uncertainty as wave-packet structure
Unit 7.2量子态与薛定谔动力学Quantum States and Schrödinger Dynamics2 课
Lesson 7.2.1波函数与概率Wave Functions and ProbabilityUG1→UG2
- P07-U02-L01-K01波函数作为概率振幅Wave function as probability amplitude
- P07-U02-L01-K02玻恩规则与概率密度Born rule and probability density
- P07-U02-L01-K03归一化与边界行为Normalization and boundary behavior
- P07-U02-L01-K04叠加与相对相位Superposition and relative phase
- P07-U02-L01-K05期望值与统计展宽Expectation values and statistical spread
Lesson 7.2.2薛定谔方程Schrödinger EquationUG2
- P07-U02-L02-K01含时薛定谔方程Time-dependent Schrödinger equation
- P07-U02-L02-K02概率流与概率守恒Probability current and conservation
- P07-U02-L02-K03定态与时间变量分离Stationary states and separation of time
- P07-U02-L02-K04定态薛定谔方程Time-independent Schrödinger equation
- P07-U02-L02-K05边界与连续条件Boundary and continuity conditions
Unit 7.3一维量子系统One-Dimensional Quantum Systems3 课
Lesson 7.3.1自由粒子、势阶与势垒Free Particles, Steps, and BarriersUG2
- P07-U03-L01-K01自由粒子平面波与波包Free-particle plane waves and wave packets
- P07-U03-L01-K02势阶反射与透射Potential step reflection and transmission
- P07-U03-L01-K03有限势垒与量子隧穿Finite barrier and quantum tunneling
- P07-U03-L01-K04透射共振Transmission resonance
- P07-U03-L01-K05隧穿应用与经典极限Tunneling applications and classical limit
Lesson 7.3.2势阱中的束缚态Bound States in WellsUG1→UG2
- P07-U03-L02-K01无限深方势阱Infinite square well
- P07-U03-L02-K02能量量子化与节点Energy quantization and nodes
- P07-U03-L02-K03有限深方势阱与倏逝尾Finite square well and evanescent tails
- P07-U03-L02-K04束缚态计数与宇称Bound-state counting and parity
- P07-U03-L02-K05叠加态与含时概率Superpositions and time-dependent probability
Lesson 7.3.3量子谐振子Quantum Harmonic OscillatorUG2
- P07-U03-L03-K01谐振子能量量子化Quantized oscillator energies
- P07-U03-L03-K02升降算符Ladder operators
- P07-U03-L03-K03基态与零点能Ground state and zero-point energy
- P07-U03-L03-K04位置与动量不确定度Position and momentum uncertainties
- P07-U03-L03-K05相干态与经典对应Coherent states and classical correspondence
Unit 7.4算符与希尔伯特空间形式Operator and Hilbert-Space Formalism3 课
Lesson 7.4.1状态、基底与算符States, Bases, and OperatorsUG2
- P07-U04-L01-K01希尔伯特空间与态矢Hilbert space and state vectors
- P07-U04-L01-K02左矢、右矢与内积Bras, kets, and inner products
- P07-U04-L01-K03线性与厄米算符Linear and Hermitian operators
- P07-U04-L01-K04本征值、本征态与谱分解Eigenvalues, eigenstates, and spectral decomposition
- P07-U04-L01-K05基底变换与表象Basis changes and representations
Lesson 7.4.2测量与不确定性Measurement and UncertaintyUG2
- P07-U04-L02-K01可观测量与测量概率Observables and measurement probabilities
- P07-U04-L02-K02投影与测后态Projection and post-measurement state
- P07-U04-L02-K03相容可观测量与对易子Compatible observables and commutators
- P07-U04-L02-K04广义不确定关系General uncertainty relation
- P07-U04-L02-K05重复测量与系综测量Repeated versus ensemble measurement
Lesson 7.4.3量子时间演化Quantum Time EvolutionUG2
- P07-U04-L03-K01幺正演化算符Unitary evolution operator
- P07-U04-L03-K02薛定谔、海森堡与相互作用表象Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and interaction pictures
- P07-U04-L03-K03埃伦费斯特定理Ehrenfest theorem
- P07-U04-L03-K04运动常量与对称性Constants of motion and symmetries
Unit 7.5角动量与自旋Angular Momentum and Spin3 课
Lesson 7.5.1轨道角动量Orbital Angular MomentumUG2
- P07-U05-L01-K01角动量对易关系Angular-momentum commutation relations
- P07-U05-L01-K02大小与投影的量子化Quantized magnitude and projection
- P07-U05-L01-K03球谐函数Spherical harmonics
- P07-U05-L01-K04旋转与角动量生成元Rotations and angular-momentum generators
Lesson 7.5.2自旋SpinUG1→UG2
- P07-U05-L02-K01内禀角动量Intrinsic angular momentum
- P07-U05-L02-K02斯特恩—盖拉赫实验Stern–Gerlach experiment
- P07-U05-L02-K03二分之一自旋与泡利矩阵Spin one-half and Pauli matrices
- P07-U05-L02-K04磁场中的自旋进动Spin precession in magnetic fields
- P07-U05-L02-K05布洛赫球上的二能级系统Two-level systems on the Bloch sphere
Lesson 7.5.3角动量耦合Addition of Angular MomentumUG2
- P07-U05-L03-K01直积基与耦合基Product and coupled bases
- P07-U05-L03-K02克莱布什—戈尔丹系数Clebsch–Gordan coefficients
- P07-U05-L03-K03合成规则与允许总角动量Addition rules and allowed total angular momentum
- P07-U05-L03-K04自旋—轨道耦合Spin–orbit coupling
Unit 7.6三维系统与氢原子Three-Dimensional Systems and Hydrogen2 课
Lesson 7.6.1中心势Central PotentialsUG2
- P07-U06-L01-K01球坐标分离变量Separation in spherical coordinates
- P07-U06-L01-K02径向方程与有效势Radial equation and effective potential
- P07-U06-L01-K03径向概率与边界行为Radial probability and boundary behavior
- P07-U06-L01-K04中心势中的量子数Quantum numbers in central potentials
Lesson 7.6.2氢原子Hydrogen AtomHS→UG2
- P07-U06-L02-K01库仑势与氢原子光谱Coulomb potential and hydrogen spectrum
- P07-U06-L02-K02主、轨道与磁量子数Principal, orbital, and magnetic quantum numbers
- P07-U06-L02-K03原子轨道与概率分布Atomic orbitals and probability distributions
- P07-U06-L02-K04简并与对称性Degeneracy and symmetry
- P07-U06-L02-K05约化质量与同位素效应Reduced mass and isotope effects
Unit 7.7近似与跃迁方法Approximation and Transition Methods3 课
Lesson 7.7.1定态近似方法Time-Independent Approximation MethodsUG2
- P07-U07-L01-K01非简并微扰论Nondegenerate perturbation theory
- P07-U07-L01-K02简并微扰论Degenerate perturbation theory
- P07-U07-L01-K03变分原理Variational principle
- P07-U07-L01-K04WKB 近似与连接公式WKB approximation and connection formulas
Lesson 7.7.2含时过程Time-Dependent ProcessesUG2
- P07-U07-L02-K01含时微扰论Time-dependent perturbation theory
- P07-U07-L02-K02跃迁振幅与概率Transition amplitudes and probabilities
- P07-U07-L02-K03费米黄金规则Fermi's golden rule
- P07-U07-L02-K04选择定则Selection rules
- P07-U07-L02-K05绝热与突然近似Adiabatic and sudden approximations
Lesson 7.7.3量子散射Quantum ScatteringUG2
- P07-U07-L03-K01散射振幅与微分截面Scattering amplitude and differential cross section
- P07-U07-L03-K02玻恩近似Born approximation
- P07-U07-L03-K03分波分析Partial-wave analysis
- P07-U07-L03-K04共振与相移Resonances and phase shifts
Unit 7.8全同粒子、纠缠与开放系统Identical Particles, Entanglement, and Open Systems3 课
Lesson 7.8.1全同粒子Identical ParticlesUG2
- P07-U08-L01-K01不可分辨性与交换Indistinguishability and exchange
- P07-U08-L01-K02对称玻色态与反对称费米态Symmetric bosonic and antisymmetric fermionic states
- P07-U08-L01-K03泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle
- P07-U08-L01-K04交换相互作用Exchange interaction
- P07-U08-L01-K05斯莱特行列式Slater determinants
Lesson 7.8.2复合系统与纠缠Composite Systems and EntanglementUG2→EXT
- P07-U08-L02-K01张量积态空间Tensor-product state spaces
- P07-U08-L02-K02可分离态与纠缠态Separable and entangled states
- P07-U08-L02-K03约化密度矩阵Reduced density matrices
- P07-U08-L02-K04贝尔不等式与非经典关联Bell inequalities and nonclassical correlations
- P07-U08-L02-K05量子比特、量子门、隐形传态与不可克隆Qubits, gates, teleportation, and no-cloning
Lesson 7.8.3混合态与退相干Mixed States and DecoherenceUG2→EXT
- P07-U08-L03-K01密度算符与统计混合Density operators and statistical mixtures
- P07-U08-L03-K02纯态与混合态Pure and mixed states
- P07-U08-L03-K03开放系统与环境纠缠Open-system interaction and entanglement with environment
- P07-U08-L03-K04退相干与经典行为涌现Decoherence and emergence of classical behavior
- P07-U08-L03-K05主方程观点Master-equation viewpoint
PART VIII原子、分子与光物理Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics4 单元 · 12 课
Unit 8.1原子结构Atomic Structure3 课
Lesson 8.1.1类氢原子与修正Hydrogenic Atoms and CorrectionsUG1→UG2
- P08-U01-L01-K01类氢能标与里德伯谱Hydrogenic energy scale and Rydberg spectrum
- P08-U01-L01-K02轨道角动量与光谱项记号Orbital angular momentum and spectroscopic notation
- P08-U01-L01-K03精细结构与相对论修正Fine structure and relativistic corrections
- P08-U01-L01-K04兰姆位移作为非相对论理论边界Lamb shift as a boundary to nonrelativistic theory
- P08-U01-L01-K05超精细结构Hyperfine structure
Lesson 8.1.2多电子原子Many-Electron AtomsHS→UG2
- P08-U01-L02-K01电子组态与壳层结构Electron configurations and shell structure
- P08-U01-L02-K02屏蔽与有效核电荷Shielding and effective nuclear charge
- P08-U01-L02-K03泡利原理与构造顺序Pauli principle and Aufbau ordering
- P08-U01-L02-K04洪特规则Hund's rules
- P08-U01-L02-K05LS 与 jj 耦合LS and jj coupling
Lesson 8.1.3原子光谱与外场Atomic Spectra and External FieldsHS→UG2
- P08-U01-L03-K01发射与吸收光谱Emission and absorption spectra
- P08-U01-L03-K02电偶极选择定则Electric-dipole selection rules
- P08-U01-L03-K03塞曼效应Zeeman effect
- P08-U01-L03-K04斯塔克效应Stark effect
- P08-U01-L03-K05谱线展宽与线型Line broadening and line shapes
Unit 8.2分子结构与光谱Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy3 课
Lesson 8.2.1分子成键Molecular BondingHS→UG2
- P08-U02-L01-K01离子、共价、金属与范德瓦耳斯键Ionic, covalent, metallic, and van der Waals bonding
- P08-U02-L01-K02玻恩—奥本海默近似Born–Oppenheimer approximation
- P08-U02-L01-K03价键与分子轨道图景Valence-bond and molecular-orbital pictures
- P08-U02-L01-K04成键与反键轨道Bonding and antibonding orbitals
- P08-U02-L01-K05势能曲线与解离Potential-energy curves and dissociation
Lesson 8.2.2分子转动与振动Molecular Rotation and VibrationUG2
- P08-U02-L02-K01刚性转子能级Rigid-rotor energy levels
- P08-U02-L02-K02振动谐性与非谐性模型Vibrational harmonic and anharmonic models
- P08-U02-L02-K03转动—振动光谱Rotational–vibrational spectra
- P08-U02-L02-K04选择定则与分子对称性Selection rules and molecular symmetry
- P08-U02-L02-K05拉曼散射Raman scattering
Lesson 8.2.3电子与分子光谱Electronic and Molecular SpectroscopyUG2→EXT
- P08-U02-L03-K01电子跃迁与振电结构Electronic transitions and vibronic structure
- P08-U02-L03-K02弗兰克—康登原理Franck–Condon principle
- P08-U02-L03-K03荧光与磷光Fluorescence and phosphorescence
- P08-U02-L03-K04微波、红外、拉曼与紫外可见方法Microwave, infrared, Raman, and UV–visible methods
Unit 8.3光与物质相互作用及激光物理Light–Matter Interaction and Laser Physics3 课
Lesson 8.3.1辐射过程Radiative ProcessesUG1→UG2
- P08-U03-L01-K01吸收、自发与受激辐射Absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission
- P08-U03-L01-K02爱因斯坦系数与细致平衡Einstein coefficients and detailed balance
- P08-U03-L01-K03跃迁偶极矩Transition dipole moment
- P08-U03-L01-K04自然寿命与线宽Natural lifetime and linewidth
- P08-U03-L01-K05饱和与功率展宽Saturation and power broadening
Lesson 8.3.2二能级原子与相干控制Two-Level Atoms and Coherent ControlUG2→EXT
- P08-U03-L02-K01二能级哈密顿量Two-level Hamiltonian
- P08-U03-L02-K02拉比振荡Rabi oscillations
- P08-U03-L02-K03共振、失谐与旋波近似Resonance, detuning, and rotating-wave approximation
- P08-U03-L02-K04光学布洛赫方程Optical Bloch equations
- P08-U03-L02-K05相干布居转移Coherent population transfer
Lesson 8.3.3激光运行Laser OperationUG1→UG2
- P08-U03-L03-K01粒子数反转与泵浦方案Population inversion and pumping schemes
- P08-U03-L03-K02增益、损耗与阈值Gain, loss, and threshold
- P08-U03-L03-K03谐振腔模与选模Resonator modes and mode selection
- P08-U03-L03-K04速率方程与稳态输出Rate equations and steady-state output
- P08-U03-L03-K05脉冲激光与锁模Pulsed lasers and mode locking
Unit 8.4共振、冷却与精密测量Resonance, Cooling, and Precision Measurement3 课
Lesson 8.4.1磁共振Magnetic ResonanceUG2→EXT
- P08-U04-L01-K01磁矩与拉莫尔进动Magnetic moments and Larmor precession
- P08-U04-L01-K02核磁共振与电子自旋共振Nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance
- P08-U04-L01-K03共振脉冲与自旋操控Resonant pulses and spin manipulation
- P08-U04-L01-K04弛豫时间与线型Relaxation times and line shapes
- P08-U04-L01-K05MRI 与光谱学联系MRI and spectroscopy connections
Lesson 8.4.2激光冷却与俘获Laser Cooling and TrappingEXT
- P08-U04-L02-K01辐射压力Radiation-pressure force
- P08-U04-L02-K02多普勒冷却与极限Doppler cooling and Doppler limit
- P08-U04-L02-K03磁光阱Magneto-optical traps
- P08-U04-L02-K04光偶极阱与光晶格Optical dipole traps and optical lattices
- P08-U04-L02-K05超冷气体与量子简并Ultracold gases and quantum degeneracy
Lesson 8.4.3精密测量Precision MeasurementEXT
- P08-U04-L03-K01原子钟与频率标准Atomic clocks and frequency standards
- P08-U04-L03-K02原子干涉Atom interferometry
- P08-U04-L03-K03量子投影噪声与标准量子极限Quantum projection noise and standard quantum limit
- P08-U04-L03-K04压缩态与量子增强传感Squeezing and quantum-enhanced sensing
PART IX凝聚态与材料物理Condensed Matter and Materials Physics7 单元 · 19 课
Unit 9.1固体结构与成键Structure and Bonding of Solids3 课
Lesson 9.1.1原子间成键与材料类别Interatomic Bonding and Material ClassesHS→UG2
- P09-U01-L01-K01离子、共价、金属、分子与氢键Ionic, covalent, metallic, molecular, and hydrogen bonding
- P09-U01-L01-K02结合能与平衡间距Cohesive energy and equilibrium spacing
- P09-U01-L01-K03由原子间势理解弹性响应Elastic response from interatomic potentials
- P09-U01-L01-K04单晶、多晶、非晶与软固体Crystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous, and soft solids
Lesson 9.1.2晶格与对称性Crystal Lattices and SymmetryUG2
- P09-U01-L02-K01点阵、基元与晶胞Lattice, basis, and unit cell
- P09-U01-L02-K02布拉维点阵与晶系Bravais lattices and crystal systems
- P09-U01-L02-K03点群与平移对称Point-group and translational symmetry
- P09-U01-L02-K04米勒指数与晶面Miller indices and crystal planes
- P09-U01-L02-K05堆积率与常见结构Packing fraction and common structures
Lesson 9.1.3倒易空间与衍射Reciprocal Space and DiffractionUG2
- P09-U01-L03-K01倒易点阵Reciprocal lattice
- P09-U01-L03-K02布里渊区Brillouin zones
- P09-U01-L03-K03布拉格条件与劳厄方程Bragg condition and Laue equations
- P09-U01-L03-K04结构因子Structure factor
- P09-U01-L03-K05X 射线、中子与电子衍射X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction
Unit 9.2晶格动力学与热学性质Lattice Dynamics and Thermal Properties2 课
Lesson 9.2.1晶格振动Vibrations of Crystal LatticesUG2
- P09-U02-L01-K01单原子与双原子链Monoatomic and diatomic chains
- P09-U02-L01-K02晶格波色散关系Dispersion relations of lattice waves
- P09-U02-L01-K03声学支与光学支Acoustic and optical branches
- P09-U02-L01-K04简正模与声子量子化Normal modes and phonon quantization
- P09-U02-L01-K05振动态密度Density of vibrational states
Lesson 9.2.2固体热学性质Thermal Properties of SolidsUG2
- P09-U02-L02-K01爱因斯坦热容模型Einstein model of heat capacity
- P09-U02-L02-K02德拜模型与低温定律Debye model and low-temperature law
- P09-U02-L02-K03声子对热导的贡献Phonon contribution to thermal conductivity
- P09-U02-L02-K04非谐性与热膨胀Anharmonicity and thermal expansion
- P09-U02-L02-K05倒逆过程Umklapp processes
Unit 9.3固体中的电子与能带论Electrons in Solids and Band Theory3 课
Lesson 9.3.1经典与量子自由电子模型Classical and Quantum Free-Electron ModelsUG2
- P09-U03-L01-K01德鲁德输运模型Drude transport model
- P09-U03-L01-K02霍尔效应与载流子密度Hall effect and carrier density
- P09-U03-L01-K03索末菲自由电子气Sommerfeld free-electron gas
- P09-U03-L01-K04费米能、费米温度与费米面Fermi energy, temperature, and surface
- P09-U03-L01-K05电导与热导Electrical and thermal conductivity
Lesson 9.3.2周期势中的电子Electrons in Periodic PotentialsUG2
- P09-U03-L02-K01布洛赫定理Bloch's theorem
- P09-U03-L02-K02近自由电子模型Nearly-free-electron model
- P09-U03-L02-K03紧束缚模型Tight-binding model
- P09-U03-L02-K04布里渊区边界的带隙Band gaps at Brillouin-zone boundaries
- P09-U03-L02-K05有效质量与空穴Effective mass and holes
Lesson 9.3.3金属、绝缘体与半导体Metals, Insulators, and SemiconductorsHS→UG2
- P09-U03-L03-K01能带填充与导电行为Band filling and electrical behavior
- P09-U03-L03-K02费米能级与态密度Fermi level and density of states
- P09-U03-L03-K03直接与间接带隙Direct and indirect band gaps
- P09-U03-L03-K04光吸收与带间跃迁Optical absorption and interband transitions
Unit 9.4半导体物理与器件Semiconductor Physics and Devices3 课
Lesson 9.4.1半导体中的载流子Charge Carriers in SemiconductorsHS→UG2
- P09-U04-L01-K01本征载流子与热激发Intrinsic carriers and thermal excitation
- P09-U04-L01-K02施主与受主掺杂Donor and acceptor doping
- P09-U04-L01-K03载流子浓度与费米能级Carrier concentration and Fermi level
- P09-U04-L01-K04漂移、扩散、迁移率与复合Drift, diffusion, mobility, and recombination
Lesson 9.4.2结与二极管Junctions and DiodesHS→UG2
- P09-U04-L02-K01p–n 结耗尽层p–n junction depletion region
- P09-U04-L02-K02内建电势与能带图Built-in potential and band diagram
- P09-U04-L02-K03正向与反向偏置Forward and reverse bias
- P09-U04-L02-K04二极管伏安特性Diode current–voltage behavior
- P09-U04-L02-K05发光二极管、光电二极管与太阳能电池LEDs, photodiodes, and solar cells
Lesson 9.4.3晶体管与集成器件Transistors and Integrated DevicesUG2→EXT
- P09-U04-L03-K01双极结型晶体管Bipolar-junction transistor
- P09-U04-L03-K02场效应晶体管Field-effect transistor
- P09-U04-L03-K03放大、开关与偏置Amplification, switching, and biasing
- P09-U04-L03-K04CMOS 逻辑与器件缩放CMOS logic and device scaling
- P09-U04-L03-K05微型化的量子与热学极限Quantum and thermal limits of miniaturization
Unit 9.5凝聚态中的磁性Magnetism in Condensed Matter2 课
Lesson 9.5.1微观磁矩Microscopic Magnetic MomentsUG2
- P09-U05-L01-K01轨道与自旋磁矩Orbital and spin magnetic moments
- P09-U05-L01-K02抗磁响应Diamagnetic response
- P09-U05-L01-K03顺磁性与居里定律Paramagnetism and Curie law
- P09-U05-L01-K04交换相互作用Exchange interaction
Lesson 9.5.2磁有序Magnetic OrderUG2
- P09-U05-L02-K01铁磁、反铁磁与亚铁磁Ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism
- P09-U05-L02-K02磁畴、畴壁与磁滞Domains, walls, and hysteresis
- P09-U05-L02-K03居里与奈尔温度Curie and Néel temperatures
- P09-U05-L02-K04伊辛与海森堡自旋模型Ising and Heisenberg spin models
- P09-U05-L02-K05自旋波与磁振子Spin waves and magnons
Unit 9.6超导与量子流体Superconductivity and Quantum Fluids2 课
Lesson 9.6.1超导SuperconductivityUG2→EXT
- P09-U06-L01-K01零电阻与持续电流Zero resistance and persistent current
- P09-U06-L01-K02迈斯纳效应与穿透深度Meissner effect and penetration depth
- P09-U06-L01-K03I 型与 II 型超导体Type-I and type-II superconductors
- P09-U06-L01-K04磁通量子化与涡旋Flux quantization and vortices
- P09-U06-L01-K05库珀配对与 BCS 图景Cooper pairing and BCS picture
- P09-U06-L01-K06约瑟夫森效应与 SQUIDJosephson effects and SQUIDs
Lesson 9.6.2超流与玻色凝聚Superfluidity and Bose CondensationEXT
- P09-U06-L02-K01玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚Bose–Einstein condensation
- P09-U06-L02-K02超流组分与二流体模型Superfluid fraction and two-fluid model
- P09-U06-L02-K03环流量子化与涡旋Quantized circulation and vortices
- P09-U06-L02-K04集体激发Collective excitations
- P09-U06-L02-K05朗道判据Landau criterion
Unit 9.7软物质、纳米与拓扑物态Soft, Nano, and Topological Matter4 课
Lesson 9.7.1缺陷与力学性质Defects and Mechanical PropertiesUG2
- P09-U07-L01-K01点、线、面与体缺陷Point, line, surface, and volume defects
- P09-U07-L01-K02位错与塑性形变Dislocations and plastic deformation
- P09-U07-L01-K03固体扩散Diffusion in solids
- P09-U07-L01-K04晶界与多晶响应Grain boundaries and polycrystalline response
- P09-U07-L01-K05断裂、疲劳与蠕变Fracture, fatigue, and creep
Lesson 9.7.2软物质与无序物质Soft and Disordered MatterEXT
- P09-U07-L02-K01聚合物与随机链模型Polymers and random-chain models
- P09-U07-L02-K02胶体与布朗运动Colloids and Brownian motion
- P09-U07-L02-K03液晶与取向有序Liquid crystals and orientational order
- P09-U07-L02-K04玻璃、阻塞与非晶有序Glasses, jamming, and amorphous order
Lesson 9.7.3介观与纳米物理Mesoscopic and Nanoscale PhysicsEXT
- P09-U07-L03-K01量子限域Quantum confinement
- P09-U07-L03-K02量子阱、线与点Quantum wells, wires, and dots
- P09-U07-L03-K03弹道与扩散输运Ballistic and diffusive transport
- P09-U07-L03-K04电导量子化Conductance quantization
- P09-U07-L03-K05库仑阻塞Coulomb blockade
Lesson 9.7.4拓扑物态Topological MatterEXT
- P09-U07-L04-K01几何相位与贝里曲率Geometric phase and Berry curvature
- P09-U07-L04-K02拓扑不变量Topological invariants
- P09-U07-L04-K03整数与分数量子霍尔效应Integer and fractional quantum Hall effects
- P09-U07-L04-K04拓扑绝缘体与受保护边界态Topological insulators and protected boundary states
PART X核物理Nuclear Physics5 单元 · 12 课
Unit 10.1原子核组分、性质与稳定性Nuclear Constituents, Properties, and Stability2 课
Lesson 10.1.1原子核尺度与可观测量Nuclear Scales and ObservablesHS→UG1
- P10-U01-L01-K01质子、中子、核素与同位素Protons, neutrons, nuclides, and isotopes
- P10-U01-L01-K02核符号、电荷、质量与半径Nuclear notation, charge, mass, and radius
- P10-U01-L01-K03核密度与短程尺度Nuclear density and short length scale
- P10-U01-L01-K04核自旋、宇称与电磁矩Nuclear spin, parity, and electromagnetic moments
Lesson 10.1.2结合能与稳定性Binding Energy and StabilityHS→UG1
- P10-U01-L02-K01质量亏损与结合能Mass defect and binding energy
- P10-U01-L02-K02平均每核子结合能Binding energy per nucleon
- P10-U01-L02-K03稳定谷Valley of stability
- P10-U01-L02-K04分离能与反应阈值Separation energy and reaction thresholds
- P10-U01-L02-K05核力与库仑作用的竞争Competition of nuclear and Coulomb effects
Unit 10.2核力与核模型Nuclear Forces and Models2 课
Lesson 10.2.1核相互作用Nuclear InteractionUG2
- P10-U02-L01-K01短程、饱和与近似电荷无关性Short range, saturation, and approximate charge independence
- P10-U02-L01-K02自旋与张量依赖Spin and tensor dependence
- P10-U02-L01-K03氘核作为最简单束缚核Deuteron as the simplest bound nucleus
- P10-U02-L01-K04有效核势Effective nuclear potentials
Lesson 10.2.2核模型Nuclear ModelsUG2
- P10-U02-L02-K01液滴模型Liquid-drop model
- P10-U02-L02-K02半经验质量公式Semi-empirical mass formula
- P10-U02-L02-K03壳层模型与幻数Shell model and magic numbers
- P10-U02-L02-K04集体转动与振动Collective rotations and vibrations
- P10-U02-L02-K05各模型的适用范围与互补性Model domains and complementary descriptions
Unit 10.3放射性衰变Radioactive Decay2 课
Lesson 10.3.1衰变定律与统计Decay Law and StatisticsHS→UG1
- P10-U03-L01-K01活度、衰变常数与半衰期Activity, decay constant, and half-life
- P10-U03-L01-K02指数衰变定律Exponential decay law
- P10-U03-L01-K03单次衰变的随机性Randomness of individual decay
- P10-U03-L01-K04泊松计数统计Poisson counting statistics
- P10-U03-L01-K05衰变链与长期平衡Decay chains and secular equilibrium
Lesson 10.3.2α、β 与 γ 衰变Alpha, Beta, and Gamma DecayHS→UG2
- P10-U03-L02-K01α 衰变与量子隧穿Alpha decay and quantum tunneling
- P10-U03-L02-K02β⁻、β⁺ 与电子俘获Beta-minus, beta-plus, and electron capture
- P10-U03-L02-K03中微子与 β 能谱Neutrinos and beta spectra
- P10-U03-L02-K04γ 跃迁与内转换Gamma transitions and internal conversion
- P10-U03-L02-K05守恒律与选择定则Conservation laws and selection rules
Unit 10.4核反应、裂变与聚变Nuclear Reactions, Fission, and Fusion3 课
Lesson 10.4.1核反应运动学Nuclear Reaction KinematicsUG1→UG2
- P10-U04-L01-K01反应记号与 Q 值Reaction notation and Q value
- P10-U04-L01-K02能量与动量守恒Energy and momentum conservation
- P10-U04-L01-K03阈能Threshold energy
- P10-U04-L01-K04截面与反应率Cross section and reaction rate
- P10-U04-L01-K05直接与复合核反应Direct and compound reactions
Lesson 10.4.2核裂变Nuclear FissionHS→UG1
- P10-U04-L02-K01裂变能量学与碎片Fission energetics and fragments
- P10-U04-L02-K02中子诱发链式反应Neutron-induced chain reactions
- P10-U04-L02-K03临界与中子倍增Criticality and neutron multiplication
- P10-U04-L02-K04慢化、控制与反应堆物理Moderation, control, and reactor physics
- P10-U04-L02-K05废物、扩散与安全约束Waste, proliferation, and safety constraints
Lesson 10.4.3核聚变Nuclear FusionHS→UG2
- P10-U04-L03-K01聚变能量学与结合能曲线Fusion energetics and binding-energy curve
- P10-U04-L03-K02库仑势垒与隧穿Coulomb barrier and tunneling
- P10-U04-L03-K03反应率与伽莫夫窗口Reaction rate and Gamow window
- P10-U04-L03-K04恒星聚变链Stellar fusion chains
- P10-U04-L03-K05磁约束与惯性约束Magnetic and inertial confinement
Unit 10.5辐射、探测与应用Radiation, Detection, and Applications3 课
Lesson 10.5.1辐射与物质相互作用Radiation Interaction with MatterHS→UG2
- P10-U05-L01-K01激发与电离Excitation and ionization
- P10-U05-L01-K02带电粒子阻止本领Charged-particle stopping power
- P10-U05-L01-K03光子衰减的主要机制Photon attenuation, photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production
- P10-U05-L01-K04中子慢化与俘获Neutron moderation and capture
- P10-U05-L01-K05衰减与屏蔽Attenuation and shielding
Lesson 10.5.2辐射探测Radiation DetectionUG1→UG2
- P10-U05-L02-K01气体电离探测器Gas-ionization detectors
- P10-U05-L02-K02闪烁探测器Scintillation detectors
- P10-U05-L02-K03半导体探测器Semiconductor detectors
- P10-U05-L02-K04效率、分辨率、死时间与本底Efficiency, resolution, dead time, and background
- P10-U05-L02-K05能谱与脉冲高度分析Spectroscopy and pulse-height analysis
Lesson 10.5.3剂量学与核应用Dosimetry and Nuclear ApplicationsHS→UG1
- P10-U05-L03-K01吸收、当量与有效剂量Absorbed dose, equivalent dose, and effective dose
- P10-U05-L03-K02生物效应与风险Biological effects and risk
- P10-U05-L03-K03放射性测年与示踪Radioisotope dating and tracers
- P10-U05-L03-K04PET、SPECT 与核医学PET, SPECT, and nuclear medicine
- P10-U05-L03-K05放射治疗与治疗计划Radiotherapy and treatment planning
PART XI粒子物理与场Particle Physics and Fields5 单元 · 13 课
Unit 11.1相对论粒子运动学与守恒Relativistic Particle Kinematics and Conservation2 课
Lesson 11.1.1反应与衰变Reactions and DecaysUG1→UG2
- P11-U01-L01-K01四维动量与不变质量Four-momentum and invariant mass
- P11-U01-L01-K02质心动量系Center-of-momentum frame
- P11-U01-L01-K03二体衰变运动学Two-body decay kinematics
- P11-U01-L01-K04阈上产生Threshold production
- P11-U01-L01-K05Dalitz 图与多体相空间观点Dalitz-plot and many-body phase-space viewpoint
Lesson 11.1.2对称性与守恒律Symmetries and Conservation LawsUG2
- P11-U01-L02-K01能量、动量与角动量Energy, momentum, and angular momentum
- P11-U01-L02-K02电荷、重子数与轻子数Electric charge, baryon number, and lepton numbers
- P11-U01-L02-K03宇称、电荷共轭与时间反演Parity, charge conjugation, and time reversal
- P11-U01-L02-K04CPT 对称性CPT symmetry
- P11-U01-L02-K05严格、近似守恒与破坏Conservation, approximate conservation, and violation
Unit 11.2粒子与基本相互作用Particles and Fundamental Interactions2 课
Lesson 11.2.1轻子、夸克与强子Leptons, Quarks, and HadronsHS→UG2
- P11-U02-L01-K01费米子与玻色子Fermions and bosons
- P11-U02-L01-K02轻子族与中微子Lepton families and neutrinos
- P11-U02-L01-K03夸克味、色与分数电荷Quark flavors, color, and fractional charge
- P11-U02-L01-K04介子与重子Mesons and baryons
- P11-U02-L01-K05反粒子与湮灭Antiparticles and annihilation
Lesson 11.2.2四种基本相互作用Four Fundamental InteractionsHS→UG2
- P11-U02-L02-K01特征强度、作用程与媒介子Characteristic strengths, ranges, and mediators
- P11-U02-L02-K02电磁相互作用Electromagnetic interaction
- P11-U02-L02-K03弱相互作用与味改变Weak interaction and flavor change
- P11-U02-L02-K04强相互作用与禁闭Strong interaction and confinement
- P11-U02-L02-K05粒子尺度的引力Gravity at particle scales
Unit 11.3标准模型The Standard Model4 课
Lesson 11.3.1规范场与量子电动力学Gauge Fields and Quantum ElectrodynamicsUG2→EXT
- P11-U03-L01-K01局域对称性与规范原理Local symmetry and gauge principle
- P11-U03-L01-K02光子作为电磁场量子Photons as electromagnetic field quanta
- P11-U03-L01-K03费曼图作为微扰记账工具Feynman diagrams as perturbative bookkeeping
- P11-U03-L01-K04散射振幅、截面与衰变率Scattering amplitudes, cross sections, and decay rates
- P11-U03-L01-K05真空极化与跑动耦合Vacuum polarization and running coupling
Lesson 11.3.2弱与电弱相互作用Weak and Electroweak InteractionsUG2→EXT
- P11-U03-L02-K01带电流与中性流弱过程Charged- and neutral-current weak processes
- P11-U03-L02-K02W 与 Z 玻色子W and Z bosons
- P11-U03-L02-K03电弱统一Electroweak unification
- P11-U03-L02-K04希格斯场与质量产生Higgs field and mass generation
- P11-U03-L02-K05味混合与 CP 破坏Flavor mixing and CP violation
Lesson 11.3.3量子色动力学Quantum ChromodynamicsUG2→EXT
- P11-U03-L03-K01色荷与胶子Color charge and gluons
- P11-U03-L03-K02夸克禁闭Quark confinement
- P11-U03-L03-K03渐近自由Asymptotic freedom
- P11-U03-L03-K04强子、喷注与部分子Hadrons, jets, and partons
- P11-U03-L03-K05QCD 标度与非微扰物理QCD scale and nonperturbative physics
Lesson 11.3.4中微子与开放问题Neutrinos and Open QuestionsUG1→EXT
- P11-U03-L04-K01中微子味与弱产生Neutrino flavors and weak production
- P11-U03-L04-K02中微子振荡与质量差Neutrino oscillations and mass differences
- P11-U03-L04-K03狄拉克与马约拉纳可能性Dirac versus Majorana possibilities
- P11-U03-L04-K04物质—反物质不对称Matter–antimatter asymmetry
- P11-U03-L04-K05暗物质与超越标准模型Dark matter and physics beyond the Standard Model
Unit 11.4加速器、探测器与发现Accelerators, Detectors, and Discovery3 课
Lesson 11.4.1粒子加速器Particle AcceleratorsUG1→UG2
- P11-U04-L01-K01电场加速与磁场偏转Electric acceleration and magnetic steering
- P11-U04-L01-K02直线加速器、回旋加速器与同步加速器Linear accelerators, cyclotrons, and synchrotrons
- P11-U04-L01-K03固定靶与对撞实验Fixed-target and collider experiments
- P11-U04-L01-K04束流聚焦、亮度与能量前沿Beam focusing, luminosity, and energy reach
- P11-U04-L01-K05同步辐射的限制与应用Synchrotron radiation limits and uses
Lesson 11.4.2粒子探测器Particle DetectorsUG1→UG2
- P11-U04-L02-K01径迹与动量重建Tracking and momentum reconstruction
- P11-U04-L02-K02电磁与强子量能Electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry
- P11-U04-L02-K03飞行时间与粒子鉴别Time-of-flight and particle identification
- P11-U04-L02-K04触发与数据采集系统Trigger and data-acquisition systems
- P11-U04-L02-K05丢失能量与不可见粒子Missing energy and invisible particles
Lesson 11.4.3粒子物理中的统计证据Statistical Evidence in Particle PhysicsUG2
- P11-U04-L03-K01信号、本底与控制区Signal, background, and control regions
- P11-U04-L03-K02似然与参数估计Likelihood and parameter estimation
- P11-U04-L03-K03统计与系统不确定度Statistical and systematic uncertainties
- P11-U04-L03-K04显著性、置信区间与别处效应Significance, confidence intervals, and look-elsewhere effect
- P11-U04-L03-K05盲分析与可复现性Blind analysis and reproducibility
Unit 11.5量子场论桥梁Bridge to Quantum Field Theory2 课
Lesson 11.5.1经典场与对称性Classical Fields and SymmetryUG2→EXT
- P11-U05-L01-K01场作为动力学自由度Fields as dynamical degrees of freedom
- P11-U05-L01-K02拉格朗日密度与场方程Lagrangian density and field equations
- P11-U05-L01-K03连续对称性与诺特流Continuous symmetries and Noether currents
- P11-U05-L01-K04标量、旋量与规范场Scalar, spinor, and gauge fields
Lesson 11.5.2量子化场Quantized FieldsEXT
- P11-U05-L02-K01场模作为谐振子Field modes as harmonic oscillators
- P11-U05-L02-K02产生与湮灭算符Creation and annihilation operators
- P11-U05-L02-K03粒子作为场的激发Particles as field excitations
- P11-U05-L02-K04真空涨落Vacuum fluctuations
- P11-U05-L02-K05重整化作为标度相关描述Renormalization as scale-dependent description
PART XII天体物理与宇宙学Astrophysics and Cosmology6 单元 · 18 课
Unit 12.1观测基础Observational Foundations3 课
Lesson 12.1.1坐标、时间与角测量Coordinates, Time, and Angular MeasurementHS→UG1
- P12-U01-L01-K01天球与角坐标Celestial sphere and angular coordinates
- P12-U01-L01-K02地平与赤道坐标系Altitude–azimuth and equatorial systems
- P12-U01-L01-K03恒星时、季节与天体视运动Sidereal time, seasons, and apparent sky motion
- P12-U01-L01-K04角大小与小角距离Angular size and small-angle distance
- P12-U01-L01-K05视差与基线测量Parallax and baseline measurement
Lesson 12.1.2光、光谱与距离Light, Spectra, and DistanceHS→UG1
- P12-U01-L02-K01流量、光度与平方反比律Flux, luminosity, and inverse-square law
- P12-U01-L02-K02视星等与绝对星等Apparent and absolute magnitude
- P12-U01-L02-K03热谱、颜色与温度Thermal spectra, color, and temperature
- P12-U01-L02-K04谱线、成分与径向速度Spectral lines, composition, and radial velocity
- P12-U01-L02-K05宇宙距离阶梯Cosmic distance ladder
Lesson 12.1.3望远镜与探测器Telescopes and DetectorsHS→UG2
- P12-U01-L03-K01集光、角分辨率与灵敏度Light gathering, angular resolution, and sensitivity
- P12-U01-L03-K02地基与空间观测Ground- and space-based observing
- P12-U01-L03-K03成像、测光、光谱与偏振测量Imaging, photometry, spectroscopy, and polarimetry
- P12-U01-L03-K04射电干涉与孔径合成Radio interferometry and aperture synthesis
- P12-U01-L03-K05选择效应、校准与巡天完备性Selection effects, calibration, and survey completeness
Unit 12.2太阳系与行星物理Solar-System and Planetary Physics3 课
Lesson 12.2.1形成与轨道结构Formation and Orbital ArchitectureHS→UG1
- P12-U02-L01-K01原行星盘与吸积Protoplanetary disks and accretion
- P12-U02-L01-K02行星类别与轨道分布Planet classes and orbital distributions
- P12-U02-L01-K03共振、迁移与长期稳定Resonances, migration, and long-term stability
- P12-U02-L01-K04潮汐、自转—轨道耦合与潮汐加热Tides, spin–orbit coupling, and tidal heating
Lesson 12.2.2行星内部、表面与大气Planetary Interiors, Surfaces, and AtmospheresUG1→EXT
- P12-U02-L02-K01流体静力结构与分异Hydrostatic structure and differentiation
- P12-U02-L02-K02热源与地质活动Heat sources and geologic activity
- P12-U02-L02-K03大气保留、温室效应与逃逸Atmosphere retention, greenhouse effect, and escape
- P12-U02-L02-K04磁层与太阳风相互作用Magnetospheres and solar-wind interaction
- P12-U02-L02-K05表面过程与遥感Surface processes and remote sensing
Lesson 12.2.3系外行星ExoplanetsUG1→EXT
- P12-U02-L03-K01凌星与径向速度探测Transit and radial-velocity detection
- P12-U02-L03-K02直接成像、微引力透镜与天体测量Direct imaging, microlensing, and astrometry
- P12-U02-L03-K03质量—半径关系与总体组成Mass–radius relations and bulk composition
- P12-U02-L03-K04大气光谱与气候Atmospheric spectra and climate
- P12-U02-L03-K05宜居带概念及其局限Habitable-zone concept and its limitations
Unit 12.3恒星结构、大气与演化Stars: Structure, Atmospheres, and Evolution3 课
Lesson 12.3.1恒星观测量与分类Stellar Observables and ClassificationHS→UG1
- P12-U03-L01-K01光度、半径、温度与质量Luminosity, radius, temperature, and mass
- P12-U03-L01-K02光谱分类Spectral classification
- P12-U03-L01-K03赫罗图Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
- P12-U03-L01-K04双星与恒星质量测量Binary stars and stellar-mass measurement
- P12-U03-L01-K05金属丰度与恒星族Metallicity and stellar populations
Lesson 12.3.2恒星结构Stellar StructureUG1→UG2
- P12-U03-L02-K01流体静力平衡Hydrostatic equilibrium
- P12-U03-L02-K02质量守恒与状态方程Mass conservation and equation of state
- P12-U03-L02-K03核能产生Nuclear energy generation
- P12-U03-L02-K04辐射与对流能量输运Radiative and convective energy transport
- P12-U03-L02-K05位力定理与恒星温标Virial theorem and stellar temperature scale
Lesson 12.3.3恒星形成与演化Stellar Formation and EvolutionHS→UG2
- P12-U03-L03-K01引力坍缩与金斯判据Gravitational collapse and Jeans criterion
- P12-U03-L03-K02原恒星与主序前演化Protostars and pre-main-sequence evolution
- P12-U03-L03-K03主序寿命与质量依赖Main-sequence lifetime and mass dependence
- P12-U03-L03-K04巨星、壳层燃烧与质量损失Giants, shell burning, and mass loss
- P12-U03-L03-K05末态对初始质量的依赖End states as a function of initial mass
Unit 12.4致密天体与高能天体物理Compact Objects and High-Energy Astrophysics3 课
Lesson 12.4.1白矮星与中子星White Dwarfs and Neutron StarsUG1→UG2
- P12-U04-L01-K01电子简并压与白矮星Electron degeneracy pressure and white dwarfs
- P12-U04-L01-K02钱德拉塞卡质量极限Chandrasekhar mass limit
- P12-U04-L01-K03中子简并与核物质压强Neutron degeneracy and nuclear-matter pressure
- P12-U04-L01-K04脉冲星与旋转磁层Pulsars and rotating magnetospheres
- P12-U04-L01-K05中子星并合与重元素产生Neutron-star mergers and heavy-element production
Lesson 12.4.2黑洞与吸积Black Holes and AccretionHS→UG2
- P12-U04-L02-K01事件视界与特征尺度Event horizons and characteristic scales
- P12-U04-L02-K02吸积盘与能量释放Accretion disks and energy release
- P12-U04-L02-K03相对论喷流Relativistic jets
- P12-U04-L02-K04恒星级与超大质量黑洞Stellar-mass versus supermassive black holes
- P12-U04-L02-K05观测特征与黑洞阴影成像Observational signatures and shadow imaging
Lesson 12.4.3暂现源与多信使天文学Transients and Multi-Messenger AstronomyUG1→EXT
- P12-U04-L03-K01新星、超新星与伽马暴Novae, supernovae, and gamma-ray bursts
- P12-U04-L03-K02宇宙线Cosmic rays
- P12-U04-L03-K03中微子天文学Neutrino astronomy
- P12-U04-L03-K04引力波天文学Gravitational-wave astronomy
- P12-U04-L03-K05多信使符合分析Coincidence analysis across messengers
Unit 12.5星系与大尺度结构Galaxies and Large-Scale Structure3 课
Lesson 12.5.1银河系与星系动力学The Milky Way and Galactic DynamicsUG1→UG2
- P12-U05-L01-K01星系组成与恒星族Galactic components and stellar populations
- P12-U05-L01-K02旋转曲线与包围质量Rotation curves and enclosed mass
- P12-U05-L01-K03星际介质Interstellar medium
- P12-U05-L01-K04旋臂结构与恒星形成Spiral structure and star formation
- P12-U05-L01-K05暗物质证据Evidence for dark matter
Lesson 12.5.2星系与活动星系核Galaxies and Active Galactic NucleiUG1→UG2
- P12-U05-L02-K01星系形态与标度关系Galaxy morphology and scaling relations
- P12-U05-L02-K02星系形成、并合与演化Galaxy formation, mergers, and evolution
- P12-U05-L02-K03超大质量黑洞与吸积Supermassive black holes and accretion
- P12-U05-L02-K04类星体与活动星系核Quasars and active galactic nuclei
- P12-U05-L02-K05星系与黑洞反馈Feedback between galaxies and black holes
Lesson 12.5.3星系团与宇宙结构Clusters and Cosmic StructureUG2→EXT
- P12-U05-L03-K01星系群与星系团Galaxy groups and clusters
- P12-U05-L03-K02位力质量、透镜质量与热气体Virial mass, lensing mass, and hot gas
- P12-U05-L03-K03引力不稳定与扰动增长Gravitational instability and growth of perturbations
- P12-U05-L03-K04宇宙网与大尺度巡天Cosmic web and large-scale surveys
- P12-U05-L03-K05N 体与流体数值模拟N-body and hydrodynamic simulations
Unit 12.6宇宙学Cosmology3 课
Lesson 12.6.1膨胀宇宙Expanding UniverseHS→UG2
- P12-U06-L01-K01宇宙学原理Cosmological principle
- P12-U06-L01-K02哈勃—勒梅特定律Hubble–Lemaître law
- P12-U06-L01-K03宇宙学红移与尺度因子Cosmological redshift and scale factor
- P12-U06-L01-K04弗里德曼方程与膨胀历史Friedmann equations and expansion histories
- P12-U06-L01-K05宇宙几何、密度与年龄Geometry, density, and age of the universe
Lesson 12.6.2宇宙热历史Thermal History of the UniverseUG1→UG2
- P12-U06-L02-K01热大爆炸模型Hot Big Bang model
- P12-U06-L02-K02粒子退耦与物质组成Particle freeze-out and matter content
- P12-U06-L02-K03原初核合成Primordial nucleosynthesis
- P12-U06-L02-K04复合与宇宙微波背景Recombination and cosmic microwave background
- P12-U06-L02-K05再电离与第一代结构Reionization and first structures
Lesson 12.6.3当代宇宙学Contemporary CosmologyUG1→EXT
- P12-U06-L03-K01暗物质证据与候选者Dark matter evidence and candidates
- P12-U06-L03-K02加速膨胀与暗能量Accelerated expansion and dark energy
- P12-U06-L03-K03暴胀与原初扰动Inflation and primordial perturbations
- P12-U06-L03-K04宇宙参数推断与观测探针Cosmic-parameter inference and observational probes
- P12-U06-L03-K05张力、系统误差与模型边界Tensions, systematics, and model limits
PART XIII等离子体物理Plasma Physics4 单元 · 10 课
Unit 13.1等离子体基础Plasma Fundamentals2 课
Lesson 13.1.1等离子体状态与特征尺度Plasma State and Characteristic ScalesUG1→UG2
- P13-U01-L01-K01电离与集体行为Ionization and collective behavior
- P13-U01-L01-K02准中性Quasineutrality
- P13-U01-L01-K03德拜屏蔽与德拜长度Debye shielding and Debye length
- P13-U01-L01-K04等离子体频率Plasma frequency
- P13-U01-L01-K05等离子体参数与弱强耦合Plasma parameter and weak/strong coupling
Lesson 13.1.2单粒子运动Single-Particle MotionUG2
- P13-U01-L02-K01回旋运动与回旋频率Gyromotion and cyclotron frequency
- P13-U01-L02-K02导引中心近似Guiding-center approximation
- P13-U01-L02-K03电场、梯度、曲率与极化漂移Electric, gradient, curvature, and polarization drifts
- P13-U01-L02-K04绝热不变量与磁镜Adiabatic invariants and magnetic mirrors
Unit 13.2等离子体动理学与流体描述Plasma Kinetic and Fluid Descriptions3 课
Lesson 13.2.1碰撞与输运Collisions and TransportUG2
- P13-U02-L01-K01库仑碰撞与碰撞频率Coulomb collisions and collision frequency
- P13-U02-L01-K02电导、扩散与迁移率Conductivity, diffusion, and mobility
- P13-U02-L01-K03双极扩散Ambipolar diffusion
- P13-U02-L01-K04跨磁场输运Cross-field transport
Lesson 13.2.2动理学与 Vlasov 方程Kinetic Theory and Vlasov EquationUG2→EXT
- P13-U02-L02-K01相空间分布函数Distribution functions in phase space
- P13-U02-L02-K02Vlasov 与玻尔兹曼方程Vlasov and Boltzmann equations
- P13-U02-L02-K03矩与流体闭合Moments and fluid closure
- P13-U02-L02-K04朗道阻尼Landau damping
- P13-U02-L02-K05速度空间共振Velocity-space resonances
Lesson 13.2.3等离子体流体与磁流体模型Plasma Fluid and Magnetohydrodynamic ModelsUG2→EXT
- P13-U02-L03-K01双流体与单流体描述Two-fluid and single-fluid descriptions
- P13-U02-L03-K02磁流体方程Magnetohydrodynamic equations
- P13-U02-L03-K03磁通冻结Frozen-in magnetic flux
- P13-U02-L03-K04磁压与磁张力Magnetic pressure and tension
- P13-U02-L03-K05磁重联Magnetic reconnection
Unit 13.3等离子体波与不稳定性Plasma Waves and Instabilities2 课
Lesson 13.3.1等离子体波Plasma WavesUG2→EXT
- P13-U03-L01-K01电子等离子体振荡Electron plasma oscillations
- P13-U03-L01-K02离子声波Ion-acoustic waves
- P13-U03-L01-K03等离子体中的电磁波Electromagnetic waves in plasma
- P13-U03-L01-K04阿尔芬与磁声波Alfvén and magnetosonic waves
- P13-U03-L01-K05截止、共振与色散Cutoffs, resonances, and dispersion
Lesson 13.3.2等离子体不稳定性Plasma InstabilitiesEXT
- P13-U03-L02-K01双流不稳定性Two-stream instability
- P13-U03-L02-K02漂移与交换不稳定性Drift and interchange instabilities
- P13-U03-L02-K03扭曲与箍缩模Kink and sausage modes
- P13-U03-L02-K04稳定判据与增长率Stability criteria and growth rates
- P13-U03-L02-K05湍流输运Turbulent transport
Unit 13.4聚变、空间与实验室等离子体Fusion, Space, and Laboratory Plasmas3 课
Lesson 13.4.1受控聚变Controlled FusionUG1→EXT
- P13-U04-L01-K01聚变反应率与劳森判据Fusion reaction rates and Lawson criterion
- P13-U04-L01-K02磁约束与托卡马克Magnetic confinement and tokamaks
- P13-U04-L01-K03仿星器与其他磁位形Stellarators and alternative magnetic configurations
- P13-U04-L01-K04惯性约束Inertial confinement
- P13-U04-L01-K05加热、诊断、材料与能量核算Heating, diagnostics, materials, and energy balance
Lesson 13.4.2空间与天体等离子体Space and Astrophysical PlasmasEXT
- P13-U04-L02-K01太阳风与日球层Solar wind and heliosphere
- P13-U04-L02-K02磁层与极光Magnetospheres and aurorae
- P13-U04-L02-K03吸积、喷流与无碰撞激波Accretion, jets, and collisionless shocks
- P13-U04-L02-K04发电机过程与宇宙磁场Dynamo processes and cosmic magnetic fields
Lesson 13.4.3低温与工业等离子体Low-Temperature and Industrial PlasmasEXT
- P13-U04-L03-K01气体放电与鞘层Gas discharges and sheaths
- P13-U04-L03-K02非平衡电子与离子温度Non-equilibrium electron and ion temperatures
- P13-U04-L03-K03等离子体加工与表面改性Plasma processing and surface modification
- P13-U04-L03-K04照明、推进与环境应用Lighting, propulsion, and environmental applications
PART XIV交叉与应用物理地图Interdisciplinary and Applied Physics Maps6 单元 · 13 课
Unit 14.1电子学、仪器与控制Electronics, Instrumentation, and Control3 课
Lesson 14.1.1模拟电子学Analog ElectronicsUG1→EXT
- P14-U01-L01-K01二极管整流、限幅与稳压Diode rectification, clipping, and regulation
- P14-U01-L01-K02晶体管偏置、开关与放大Transistor biasing, switching, and amplification
- P14-U01-L01-K03理想与非理想运算放大器Ideal and nonideal operational amplifiers
- P14-U01-L01-K04有源滤波、振荡与反馈Active filters, oscillators, and feedback
- P14-U01-L01-K05接地、屏蔽与阻抗匹配Grounding, shielding, and impedance matching
Lesson 14.1.2数字系统与数据采集Digital Systems and Data AcquisitionUG1→EXT
- P14-U01-L02-K01逻辑电平、门与布尔运算Logic levels, gates, and Boolean operations
- P14-U01-L02-K02组合与时序电路Combinational and sequential circuits
- P14-U01-L02-K03模数、数模、采样与量化ADC, DAC, sampling, and quantization
- P14-U01-L02-K04微控制器、接口与时序Microcontrollers, interfaces, and timing
- P14-U01-L02-K05触发、同步与实验自动化Triggering, synchronization, and experimental automation
Lesson 14.1.3反馈与控制Feedback and ControlUG2→EXT
- P14-U01-L03-K01开环与闭环系统Open- and closed-loop systems
- P14-U01-L03-K02传递函数与频率响应Transfer functions and frequency response
- P14-U01-L03-K03稳定性、相位裕度与增益裕度Stability, phase margin, and gain margin
- P14-U01-L03-K04PID 控制PID control
- P14-U01-L03-K05状态估计与传感器融合State estimation and sensor fusion
Unit 14.2能源与环境物理Energy and Environmental Physics2 课
Lesson 14.2.1能量转换与储存Energy Conversion and StorageHS→UG1
- P14-U02-L01-K01转换效率与热力学极限Conversion efficiency and thermodynamic limits
- P14-U02-L01-K02太阳、风、水、地热与核能Solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and nuclear resources
- P14-U02-L01-K03电池、燃料电池及多种储能Batteries, fuel cells, thermal, mechanical, and field storage
- P14-U02-L01-K04功率密度、能量密度、容量与间歇性Power density, energy density, capacity, and intermittency
- P14-U02-L01-K05电网传输、稳定与供需匹配Grid transport, stability, and demand matching
Lesson 14.2.2气候与行星能量平衡Climate and Planetary Energy BalanceHS→UG1
- P14-U02-L02-K01入射太阳辐射与出射热辐射Incoming solar and outgoing thermal radiation
- P14-U02-L02-K02反照率与温室效应Albedo and greenhouse effect
- P14-U02-L02-K03辐射强迫与气候敏感度Radiative forcing and climate sensitivity
- P14-U02-L02-K04反馈、输运与环流Feedbacks, transport, and circulation
- P14-U02-L02-K05气候模型、不确定度与归因Climate models, uncertainty, and attribution
Unit 14.3地球物理与地球系统Geophysics and Earth Systems2 课
Lesson 14.3.1固体地球物理Solid-Earth PhysicsUG1→EXT
- P14-U03-L01-K01地震体波与面波Seismic body and surface waves
- P14-U03-L01-K02由走时与简正模研究地球结构Earth structure from travel times and normal modes
- P14-U03-L01-K03重力异常与均衡Gravity anomalies and isostasy
- P14-U03-L01-K04地磁与发电机作用Geomagnetism and dynamo action
- P14-U03-L01-K05热流、地幔对流与板块运动Heat flow, mantle convection, and plate motion
Lesson 14.3.2大气与海洋Atmosphere and OceanUG1→EXT
- P14-U03-L02-K01大气静力平衡与分层Hydrostatic atmosphere and stratification
- P14-U03-L02-K02旋转、科里奥利力与地转平衡Rotation, Coriolis force, and geostrophic balance
- P14-U03-L02-K03对流、波与不稳定性Convection, waves, and instabilities
- P14-U03-L02-K04海洋环流与海气耦合Ocean circulation and air–sea coupling
- P14-U03-L02-K05天气预报与混沌敏感性Weather prediction and chaotic sensitivity
Unit 14.4生物与医学物理Biological and Medical Physics3 课
Lesson 14.4.1生命系统中的物理原理Physical Principles in Living SystemsUG1→EXT
- P14-U04-L01-K01扩散、渗透与分子输运Diffusion, osmosis, and molecular transport
- P14-U04-L01-K02膜、电化学势与动作电位Membranes, electrochemical potentials, and action potentials
- P14-U04-L01-K03生物大分子的聚合物物理Polymer physics of biomolecules
- P14-U04-L01-K04分子马达与非平衡能量转换Molecular motors and nonequilibrium energy conversion
- P14-U04-L01-K05跨尺度生物力学Biomechanics across scales
Lesson 14.4.2医学成像Medical ImagingHS→UG1
- P14-U04-L02-K01投影成像与计算机断层Projection imaging and computed tomography
- P14-U04-L02-K02超声成像与多普勒血流测量Ultrasound imaging and Doppler flow measurement
- P14-U04-L02-K03磁共振成像Magnetic resonance imaging
- P14-U04-L02-K04PET 与 SPECTPET and SPECT
- P14-U04-L02-K05分辨率、对比度、剂量与重建权衡Resolution, contrast, dose, and reconstruction tradeoffs
Lesson 14.4.3放疗与保健物理Radiation Therapy and Health PhysicsUG1→EXT
- P14-U04-L03-K01剂量沉积与治疗射束Dose deposition and treatment beams
- P14-U04-L03-K02治疗计划与组织响应Treatment planning and tissue response
- P14-U04-L03-K03辐射防护原则Radiation protection principles
- P14-U04-L03-K04风险、优化与质量保证Risk, optimization, and quality assurance
Unit 14.5复杂系统与网络物理Complex Systems and Network Physics2 课
Lesson 14.5.1涌现与集体动力学Emergence and Collective DynamicsEXT
- P14-U05-L01-K01微观规则与宏观行为Microscopic rules and macroscopic behavior
- P14-U05-L01-K02自组织与图样形成Self-organization and pattern formation
- P14-U05-L01-K03同步与耦合群体Synchronization and coupled populations
- P14-U05-L01-K04非平衡临界性Criticality outside equilibrium
- P14-U05-L01-K05主体与连续描述Agent-based and continuum descriptions
Lesson 14.5.2网络与信息流Networks and Information FlowEXT
- P14-U05-L02-K01图结构、度、路径与聚类Graph structure, degree, paths, and clustering
- P14-U05-L02-K02随机、小世界与无标度网络Random, small-world, and scale-free networks
- P14-U05-L02-K03网络上的扩散、传播与渗流Diffusion, contagion, and percolation on networks
- P14-U05-L02-K04鲁棒性、级联与控制Robustness, cascades, and control
- P14-U05-L02-K05熵与信息度量Entropy and information measures
Unit 14.6物理、技术、社会与风险Physics, Technology, Society, and Risk1 课
Lesson 14.6.1应用物理中的定量决策Quantitative Decisions in Applied PhysicsHS→UG1
- P14-U06-L01-K01系统边界与生命周期核算System boundaries and life-cycle accounting
- P14-U06-L01-K02收益、危害、暴露与风险Benefit, hazard, exposure, and risk
- P14-U06-L01-K03物理与资源约束下的权衡Tradeoffs under physical and resource constraints
- P14-U06-L01-K04不确定度、情景分析与审慎原则Uncertainty, scenario analysis, and precaution
- P14-U06-L01-K05向非专业受众传达定量证据Communicating quantitative evidence to non-specialists
没有找到匹配的知识点。试试更短的中英文关键词，或选择其他学习层级。
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